Table 4 Stratified results.
| Â | Â | No. of Subjects | Â | Â | Â | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | No. of Contrasts | OMT | Control | Effect Size | 95% CI | P |
OMT vs. Active Treatment or Placebo Control | ||||||
Median contrasts | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Fixed-effects model* | 6 | 193 | 142 | -0.26 | -0.48 – -0.05 | .02 |
   Random-effects model | 6 | 193 | 142 | -0.26 | -0.48 – -0.05 | .02 |
Best-case scenario | 6 | 174 | 132 | -0.34 | -0.57 – -0.11 | .004 |
Worst-case scenario | 6 | 183 | 134 | -0.07 | -0.29 – 0.16 | .54 |
Median contrasts, one OMT vs control treatment comparison per trial | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Gibson [43] active treatment | 5 | 154 | 109 | -0.33 | -0.58 – -0.08 | .01 |
   Gibson [43] placebo control | 5 | 155 | 115 | -0.26 | -0.51 – -0.02 | .03 |
Median contrasts, Cleary [47] trial excluded | 5 | 185 | 138 | -0.24 | -0.47 – -0.02 | .03 |
All contrasts | 16 | 534 | 400 | -0.21 | -0.34 – -0.08 | .002 |
OMT vs. No Treatment Control | ||||||
All contrasts | 4 | 193 | 120 | -0.53 | -0.76 – -0.30 | <.001 |
Trials Performed in the United Kingdom | ||||||
Median contrasts | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Fixed-effects model* | 4 | 105 | 84 | -0.29 | -0.58 – 0.00 | .050 |
   Random-effects model | 4 | 105 | 84 | -0.30 | -0.63 – 0.02 | .06 |
Best-case scenario | 4 | 105 | 88 | -0.36 | -0.64 – -0.07 | .01 |
Worst-case scenario | 4 | 100 | 83 | -0.11 | -0.40 – 0.19 | .48 |
Median contrasts, one OMT vs control treatment comparison per trial | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Gibson [43] active treatment | 3 | 66 | 51 | -0.46 | -0.83 – -0.09 | .02 |
   Gibson [43] placebo control | 3 | 67 | 57 | -0.30 | -0.66 – 0.05 | .10 |
Median contrasts, Cleary [47] trial excluded | 3 | 97 | 80 | -0.26 | -0.56 – 0.04 | .09 |
All contrasts | 10 | 294 | 247 | -0.23 | -0.40 – -0.06 | .01 |
Trials Performed in the United States | ||||||
Median contrasts | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Fixed-effects model* | 4 | 213 | 147 | -0.31 | -0.52 – -0.10 | .004 |
   Random-effects model | 4 | 213 | 147 | -0.32 | -0.57 – -0.06 | .01 |
Best-case scenario | 4 | 188 | 132 | -0.38 | -0.61 – -0.16 | .001 |
Worst-case scenario | 4 | 198 | 138 | -0.22 | -0.44 – 0.00 | .050 |
Median contrasts, one OMT vs control treatment comparison per trial | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Licciardone [46] placebo control | 3 | 171 | 130 | -0.24 | -0.47 – -0.01 | .04 |
   Licciardone [46] no treatment control | 3 | 181 | 128 | -0.36 | -0.59 – -0.14 | .002 |
All contrasts | 10 | 433 | 273 | -0.33 | -0.48 – -0.18 | <.001 |
Short-Term Follow-Up | ||||||
Median contrasts | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Fixed-effects model* | 5 | 181 | 130 | -0.28 | -0.51 – -0.06 | .01 |
   Random-effects model | 5 | 181 | 130 | -0.31 | -0.61 – -0.01 | .046 |
Best-case scenario | 5 | 196 | 142 | -0.41 | -0.62 – -0.19 | <.001 |
Worst-case scenario | 5 | 181 | 136 | -0.10 | -0.32 – 0.12 | .38 |
All contrasts | 9 | 357 | 258 | -0.23 | -0.39 – -0.07 | .01 |
Intermediate-Term Follow-Up | ||||||
Median (all) contrasts | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Fixed-effects model* | 7 | 283 | 209 | -0.33 | -0.51 – -0.15 | <.001 |
   Random-effects model | 7 | 283 | 209 | -0.36 | -0.63 – -0.10 | .01 |
Median contrasts, one OMT vs control treatment comparison per trial | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Gibson [43] active treatment and Licciardone [46] placebo control | 5 | 209 | 161 | -0.31 | -0.52 – -0.10 | .004 |
   Gibson [43] active treatment and Licciardone [46] no treatment control | 5 | 209 | 158 | -0.45 | -0.65 – -0.24 | <.001 |
   Gibson [43] placebo control and Licciardone [46] placebo control | 5 | 209 | 166 | -0.25 | -0.46 – -0.05 | .02 |
   Gibson [43] placebo control and Licciardone [46] no treatment control | 5 | 209 | 163 | -0.39 | -0.59 – -0.18 | <.001 |
Long-Term Follow-Up | ||||||
Median (all) contrasts | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Fixed-effects model* | 4 | 87 | 53 | -0.40 | -0.74 – -0.05 | .03 |
   Random-effects model | 4 | 87 | 53 | -0.41 | -0.82 – -0.01 | .046 |
Median contrasts, one OMT vs control treatment comparison per trial | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Licciardone [46] placebo control | 3 | 55 | 38 | -0.23 | -0.65 – 0.19 | .28 |
   Licciardone [46] no treatment control | 3 | 55 | 34 | -0.64 | -1.08 – -0.20 | .01 |
Median contrasts, Cleary [47] trial excluded | 3 | 79 | 49 | -0.36 | -0.72 – 0.01 | .054 |