Table 2 Low back symptoms and lumbar flexibility at baseline, one month and 12 months according to treatment group and between group comparisons of difference from baseline to one month and 12 months
Mean (SD) original values | Mean (SD) change | Unadjusted analyses | Adjusted analyses | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZA | Placebo | ZA | Placebo | Difference | P | Difference | P* | |
n = 20 | n = 20 | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | |||||
Intensity of LBP | ||||||||
Baseline | 6.6 (1.4) | 6.8 (1.6) | ||||||
1 month | 4.3 (2.3) | 5.8 (2.2) | −2.2 (2.7) | −0.9 (2.1) | 1.3 (−0.2 to 2.8) | 0.097 | 1.4 (0.01 to 2.9) | 0.049 |
12 months | 3.8 (2.5) | 4.6 (2.9) | −2.8 (2.9) | −2.2 (2.5) | 0.6 (−1.1 to 2.4) | 0.474 | 0.7 (−1.0 to 2.4) | 0.387 |
Intensity of leg paina | ||||||||
Baseline | 3.0 (3.1) | 2.9 (2.3) | ||||||
1 month | 2.0 (2.3) | 3.0 (2.4) | −0.6 (2.4) | 0.1 (2.6) | 0.8 (−0.9 to 2.4) | 0.367 | 0.8 (−0.6 to 2.2) | 0.237 |
12 months | 2.1 (2.8) | 2.7 (2.6) | −0.9 (3.4) | −0.3 (3.0) | 0.6 (−1.5 to 2.7) | 0.573 | 0.5 (−1.3 to 2.2) | 0.573 |
Oswestry disability index, % | ||||||||
Baseline | 30 (11) | 35 (10) | ||||||
1 month | 24 (10) | 33 (13) | −5.9 (11) | −1.7 (9.7) | 4.3 (−2.5 to 11) | 0.212 | 6.0 (−0.6 to 13) | 0.071 |
12 months | 25 (13) | 33 (15) | −5.0 (15) | −1.9 (12) | 3.1 (−5.6 to 12) | 0.475 | 5.1 (−3.4 to 14) | 0.231 |
Fingers-to-floor, cm | ||||||||
Baseline | 23 (19) | 19 (18) | ||||||
1 month | 17 (17) | 19 (17) | −5.1 (20) | −0.1 (8.3) | 5.0 (−4.8 to 15) | 0.306 | 3.6 (−5.0 to 12) | 0.403 |
12 months | 16 (16) | 20 (19) | −6.3 (23) | 0.9 (11) | 7.1 (−4.3 to 18) | 0.215 | 5.3 (−4.5 to 15) | 0.277 |
Sidebending to right, cm | ||||||||
Baseline | 14.1 (4.9) | 13.8 (7.2) | ||||||
1 month | 15.7 (5.9) | 13.3 (6.9) | 1.5 (4.7) | −0.5 (2.2) | −2.0 (−4.3 to 0.4) | 0.101 | −2.0 (−4.4 to 0.3) | 0.087 |
12 months | 15.7 (5.6) | 13.8 (6.5) | 1.6 (4.8) | −0.1 (3.5) | −1.6 (−4.3 to 1.1) | 0.227 | −1.7 (−4.2 to 0.8) | 0.180 |
Sidebending to left, cm | ||||||||
Baseline | 15.0 (5.4) | 13.3 (5.5) | ||||||
1 month | 16.1 (5.3) | 12.8 (5.9) | 1.1 (3.0) | −0.5 (2.2) | −1.5 (−3.2 to 0.1) | 0.072 | −1.7 (−3.4 to 0.0) | 0.051 |
12 months | 16.2 (6.7) | 13.7 (5.7) | 1.2 (5.3) | 0.5 (3.2) | −0.7 (−3.5 to 2.1) | 0.601 | −1.0 (−3.8 to 1.8) | 0.458 |