Comparing lumbo-pelvic kinematics in people with and without back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Summary of pooled standardized mean differences

Position and movement differences between people with and without LBP (number of studies included in meta-analysis)	Standardised mean difference (95% CI) for all studies suitable for meta-analysis
Lordosis*, n = 8	0.01 (-0.09 to 0.11), p = 0.89
Flexion**, n = 14	-0.62 (-0.94 to -0.29), p < 0.01
Extension**, n = 9	-0.54 (-0.81 to -0.27), p < 0.01
Lateral Flexion**, n = 9	-0.73 (-1.14 to -0.33), p < 0.01
Rotation**, n = 9	-0.49 (-0.76 to -0.22), p = 0.04
Lumbar versus Hip end-range flexion ROM**, n = 4	-0.21 (-0.52 to 0.09), p = 0.17
Pelvic tilt angle in standing^†, n = 3	0.24 (-0.03 to 0.50), p = 0.08
Speed/Acceleration^‡, n = 8	-1.24 (-1.58 to -0.90), p < 0.0001
Proprioception (re-position accuracy)^§, n = 12	1.04 (0.64 to 1.45), p < 0.0001

*Positive numbers indicate larger lordosis for the LBP group, **negative numbers indicate reduced ROM for the LBP group, † positive numbers indicate larger anterior tilt, ^‡negative numbers indicate reduced speed of movement for the LBP group, ^§positive numbers indicate greater error rate in re-positioning (reduced proprioception).

ISSN: 1471-2474