Table 1 Gilbert’s scale for evaluation of shoulder function

Stage 0

Complete shoulder flail

Stage I

Abduction or flexion to 45°, no active external rotation

Stage II

Abduction < 90°, external rotation to neutral

Stage III

Abduction = 90°, weak external rotation

Stage IV

Abduction < 120°, incomplete external rotation

Stage V

Abduction > 120°, active external rotation