Independent associations of socioeconomic factors with disability and pain in adults with knee osteoarthritis

Table 3 Associations ^‡ between SES variables and WOMAC ^¶ outcomes among participants with symptomatic knee rOA (n = 471)

Effect	WOMAC Function β^‡(95% CI)	WOMAC Pain β^‡(95% CI)	WOMAC Stiffness β^‡(95% CI)	WOMAC Total β^‡(95% CI)
Individual SES models
<12 yrs education^¥	2.50 (-0.51,5.51)	0.22 (-0.69,1.13)	0.17 (-0.23,0.56)	2.89 (-1.20,6.93)
Non-managerial occupation^†	2.17 (-0.81,5.15)	0.84 (-0.06,1.74)	0.09 (-0.30,0.49)	3.10 (-0.90,7.11)
Poverty rate 12-25%^§	2.77 (-0.49,6.04)	0.71 (-0.28,1.69)	0.29 (-0.14,0.71)	3.77 (-0.62,8.15)
Poverty rate >25%^§	3.80 (-0.47,8.08)	1.36 (0.07,2.65)*	0.31 (-0.25,0.87)	5.47 (-0.28,11.2)
Mutually ^€ adjusted SES models
<12 yrs education^¥	1.88 (-1.30,5.03)	−0.08 (-1.00,0.87)	0.14, (-0.28,0.55)	1.94 (-2.30,6.17)
Non-managerial occupation^†	1.60 (-1.50,4.71)	0.86 (-0.08,1.79)	0.05 (-0.36,0.46)	2.51 (-1.70,6.69)
Poverty rate 12-25%^§	2.70 (-0.56,5.96)	0.71 (-0.27,1.69)	0.28 (-0.15,0.71)	3.69 (-0.69,8.08)
Poverty rate >25%^§	3.65 (-0.63,7.92)	1.35 (0.06,2.64)*	0.30 (-0.26,0.86)	5.30 (-0.45,11.1)

^‡Adjusted for age, gender, race, body mass index, hip pain, number of comorbidities and occupational and physical activity score (PAS).
^¶WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index of Osteoarthritis questionnaire.
^¥Referent = 12 years or more education.
^†Referent = managerial occupation.
^§Referent = poverty rate <12%.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
^€All SES measures included in the same model.

ISSN: 1471-2474