Pain-on-movement | M. trapezius (upper part): |
Position: the subject sat on a chair and the investigator stood behind him/her and fixed his/her shoulders. The investigator determined which shoulder the subject pulled his/her head towards. | |
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Test: The subject pulled her/his head sideways towards the left or the right shoulder as appropriate without lifting up the shoulder at the same time. | |
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M. erector spinae (upper part): | |
Position: The subject sat on a chair and the investigator stood behind him/her and fixed his/her shoulders with his hands. The subject’s back leaned against the back of the chair. | |
Test: The subject tried to place his/her chin onto the chest without lifting up the shoulders at the same time and without losing contact with the back of the chair. | |
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M. levator scapulae | |
Position: The subject sat on a chair with hanging arms and the investigator stood behind and fixed his/her shoulders with his hands. | |
Test: The subject tried to lift the arms over the side upwards against the gentle resistance of the investigators hands. | |
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After each test: | |
The extent of pain was evaluated in answer to the question: | |
“How would you describe your neck pain during movement?” | |
The subject drew a perpendicular line on the 100-mm VAS scale with anchors at 0 = “No pain at all” and 100 = “Extreme pain” to reflect the pain intensity during movement. | |
The results were documented directly in the CRF. | |
Pain-on-movement was defined as the average of the three VAS scores measured with the three muscle tests. | |
Pain-at-rest | The subject stood in an upright position for one minute, relatively motionless. |
The extent of pain is evaluated in answer to the question: | |
“How would you describe your neck pain right now?” | |
The subject drew a perpendicular line on the 100-mm VAS scale with anchors at 0 = “No pain at all” and 100 = “Extreme pain” to reflect the pain intensity at rest. | |
The results were documented directly in the CRF. |