Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria | |
Age | 18 to 70 years |
Diagnosis | LBP of mechanical origin with/ without radiation to the lower limb |
Pain duration | chronic (≥3 months) or recurrent (≥3 episodes in previous year) |
Language | English speaking and English literate. |
Contact status | Access to a telephone |
Exclusion criteria | |
Pathology | Suspected or confirmed serious spinal pathology (fracture, metastatic, inflammatory or infective diseases of the spine, cauda equina syndrome/widespread neurological disorder). |
Nerve root compromise (2 of strength, reflex or sensation affected for same nerve root) | |
Past medical history | Spinal surgery or History of systemic / inflammatory disease |
Current medical status | Scheduled for major surgery during treatment |
Treatment status | Currently or having received treatment for CLBP within previous 3 months |
Pregnancy | Suspected or confirmed pregnancy |
Contraindications | Unstable angina / uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias / severe aortic stenosis / acute systemic infection accompanied by fever. No confounding conditions, such as a neurological disorder, intellectual disorder. |
Note: Individuals suspected of having a serious spinal pathology or any contraindication to exercise will be referred to their medical practitioner for review. Once cleared by their medical practitioner they will be reconsidered for inclusion in the trial. | |