Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the trial
Characteristics | Spinal manipulation | Spinal manipulation + Home exercise program | Attention-control |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean age (SD), years | 36.8 (10.5) | 43.3 (10.5) | 43.3 (10.9) |
Sex = male (%) | 39.4% | 42.4% | 20.7% |
Height (SD), m | 153.8 (29.9) | 155.7 (34.8) | 144.9 (33.2) |
Weight (SD), kg | 65.8 (3.0) | 66.1 (3.7) | 64.8 (4.1) |
Category of pain duration, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   1 - Less than 6 months | 1 (3.1%) | 0 | 0 |
   2 - Between 6 months & 1 year | 2 (6.2%) | 3 (9.1%) | 1 (3.7%) |
   3 - Between 1 & 2 years | 6 (18.8%) | 0 | 7 (25.9%) |
   4 - Between 2 & 3 years | 7 (21.9%) | 7 (21.2%) | 4 (14.8%) |
   5 - Between 3 & 5 years | 4 (12.5%) | 6 (18.2%) | 5 (18.5%) |
   6 - Between 5 & 10 years | 5 (15.6%) | 4 (12.1%) | 8 (29.6%) |
   7 - More than 10 years | 7 (21.9%) | 13 (39.4%) | 2 (7.4%) |
Mean pain = VAS (SD), cm | 3.1 (2.1) | 3.8 (2.6) | 3.8 (2.5) |
Mean disability = NDI (SD) | 21.4 (8.8) | 22.2 (9.0) | 25.6 (10.0) |
Mean disability = BQ (SD) | 26.4 (10.4) | 22.4 (11.7) | 27.7 (12.2) |
Rotation (SD), ° | 117.6 (15.3) | 113.0 (21.3) | 114.4 (16.2) |
Lateral flexion (SD), ° | 64.8 (17.9) | 59.3 (14.8) | 63.4 (13.4) |
Flexion-extension (SD), ° | 109.7 (19.9) | 104.0 (21.4) | 100.8 (19.8) |
SF-12, physical scale | 48.7 (5.6) | 50.0 (7.2) | 47.3 (7.6) |
SF-12, mental scale | 45.3 (9.9) | 44.8 (9.0) | 46.7 (10.4) |
FABQ-1, work-related | 10.5 (8.7) | 10.7 (8.0) | 14.1 (7.7) |
FABQ-2, physical-activity related | 6.6 (5.7) | 7.5 (6.2) | 7.6 (6.4) |