Table 4 Results of perioperative outcome measures*
| Â | Â | Â | Operative time | Intraoperative blood loss | Length of Stay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Methodological quality | No. of patients | SMD (95% CI) | SMD (95% CI) | SMD (95% CI) |
MIS | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Chimento et al. [4] | High | 60 | 0.03 (-0.48, 0.54) | -0.74 (-1.26, -0.21) | NE (NS) |
Ogonda et al. [34] | High | 219 | -0.49 (-0.76, -0.22) | -0.29 (-0.56, -0.03) | NE (NS) |
Kim [30] | High | 140 | NE (S, decrease) | NE (NS) | NR |
Chung et al. [23] | Medium | 120 | -0.42 (-0.79, -0.06) | -1.18 (-1.56, -0.79) | -0.73 (-1.10, -0.36) |
Khan et al. [29] | Medium | 200 | -0.01 (-0.29, 0.26) | -0.84 (-1.13. -0.55) | NR |
Dorr et al. [26] | Medium | 60 | -0.32 (-0.83, 0.19) | -0.41 (-0.92, 0.10) | -0.53 (-1.03, -0.03) |
Ciminiello et al. [24] | Medium | 120 | NE (NS) | NE (NS) | NE (NS) |
Dutka et al. [27] | Medium | 120 | -0.88 (-1.25, -0.50) | -1.40 (-1.80, -1.00) | NE (NS) |
Hart et al. [28] | Medium | 120 | NE (NS) | NR | NR |
Mazoochian et al. [37] | Medium | 52 | NE (S, decrease) | NE (S, decrease) | NR |
Rittmeister & Peters [35] | Medium | 152 | NE (NS) | NE (NS) | NR |
Speranza et al. [36] | Medium | 100 | NE (NS) | NE (S, decrease) | NE (NS) |
DiGioia et al. [17] | Medium | 70 | NE (NS) | NR | NE (NS) |
De Beer et al. [25] | Medium | 60 | NE (NS) | -0.77 (-1.30, -0.25) | NE (NS) |
Levine et al. [32] | Medium | 201 | NE (S, decrease) | NE (NS) | NE (S, decrease) |
Nakamura et al. [33] | Medium | 92 | -0.85 (-1.28, -0.42) | -0.42 (-0.84, -0.01) | NR |
CAS | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Kalteis et al. [15] (CT-based) | High | 60 | NE (S, increase) | NR | NR |
Kalteis et al. [15] (Imageless) | High | 60 | NE (NS) | NR | NR |
Kalteis et al. [38] | Medium | 45 | 0.45 (-0.14, 1.04) | NR | NR |
Sugano et al. [41] | Medium | 180 | NE (S, increase) | NE (NS) | NR |
Najarian et al. [39] | Medium | 100 | NE (S, increase) | NE (S, decrease) | NR |