| GPR Group (n = 50) | SE Group (n = 50) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Completers (n = 42) | Lost to follow-up (n = 8) | P -value | Completers (n = 36) | Lost to follow-up (n = 14) | P -value |
Age (yr), mean (SD) | 44.7 (11.7) | 49.6 (14.8) | 0.301a | 50.3 (12.5) | 42.7 (13.7) | 0.067a |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24.3 (3.5) | 24.9 (1.4) | 0.600a | 25.1 (3.4) | 25.1 (3.1) | 0.999a |
Gender, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Female | 25 (59.5) | 3 (37.5) | 0.277b | 23 (63.9) | 9 (64.3) | 0.999b |
   Male | 17 (40.5) | 5 (62.5) |  | 13 (36.1) | 5 (35.7) |  |
Education level, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Below high school diploma | 2 (4.8) | 1 (12.5) | 0.137b | 6 (16.7) | 4 (28.6) | 0.601b |
   High school diploma | 20 (47.6) | 1 (12.5) |  | 17 (47.2) | 5 (35.7) |  |
   University degree or higher | 20 (47.6) | 6 (75.0) |  | 13 (36.1) | 5 (35.7) |  |
Socio-occupational status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   White-collar workers | 36 (85.7) | 7 (87.5) | 0.999b | 23 (63.9) | 8 (57.1) | 0.659c |
   Blue-collar workersd | 6 (14.3) | 1 (12.5) |  | 13 (36.1) | 6 (42.9) |  |
Previous episodes of LBP in the last year, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   None | 10 (23.8) | 1 (12.5) | 0.331b | 8 (22.2) | 4 (28.6) | 0.739b |
   1-2 | 22 (52.4) | 6 (75.0) |  | 14 (38.9) | 4 (28.6) |  |
   3-6 | 8 (19.0) | 0 (0.0) |  | 8 (22.2) | 2 (14.2) |  |
   >6 | 2 (4.8) | 1 (12.5) |  | 6 (16.7) | 4 (28.6) |  |
Previous physical therapies, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   None | 21 (50.0) | 6 (75.0) | 0.261b | 22 (61.1) | 7 (50.0) | 0.475c |
   At least onee | 21 (50.0) | 2 (25.0) |  | 14 (38.9) | 7 (50.0) |  |
Manual handling (load >10 Kg), n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 37 (88.1) | 6 (75.0) | 0.310b | 26 (72.2) | 8 (57.1) | 0.330b |
   Yes | 5 (11.9) | 2 (25.0) |  | 10 (27.8) | 6 (42.9) |  |
Smoking status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never | 21 (50.0) | 6 (75.0) | 0.587b | 15 (41.7) | 6 (42.9) | 0.999b |
   Former | 9 (21.4) | 1 (12.5) |  | 8 (22.2) | 3 (21.4) |  |
   Current | 12 (28.6) | 1 (12.5) |  | 13 (36.1) | 5 (35.7) |  |
Outcome measures | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   RMDQ (0-24), mean (SD) | 6.4 (5.0) | 10.5 (5.9) | 0.045a | 5.3 (3.9) | 7.6 (5.9) | 0.103a |
   ODI (0-100%), mean (SD) | 21.6 (13.9) | 27.3 (21.6) | 0.343 | 20.8 (11.6) | 25.9 (13.3) | 0.187a |
   FFT (cm), mean (SD) | 15.4 (13.1) | 17.6 (9.1) | 0.643a | 14.5 (12.3) | 20.3 (14.0) | 0.161a |
   VAS (0-100 mm), mean (SD) | 60.3 (23.6) | 64.4 (26.9) | 0.660a | 53.8 (22.3) | 67.9 (18.1) | 0.040a |