Table 1 Background Characteristics by Study Group
Characteristic | LIPUS | Control | |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 51) | (n = 50) | P Value | |
Age, mean ± SD, y | 42.6 ± 14.6 | 45.1 ± 11.9 | 0.35 |
Female, n (%) | 15 (29) | 9 (18) | 0.24 |
Body Mass Index, mean ± SD, kg/m 2 | 25.1 ± 4.0 | 27.1 ± 5.0 | 0.03 |
Fracture Age, mean ± SD, weeks | 60.3 ± 61.0 | 46.4 ± 41.7 | 0.18 |
Distribution of Fracture Age, n (%) | |||
< 24 weeks 24 to < 36 weeks 36 to < 48 weeks ≥ 48 weeks | 7 (14) 16 (32) 7 (14) 21 (41) | 15 (30) 12 (24) 11 (22) 12 (24) | 0.08 |
Mechanism of Injury*, n (%) | |||
High-energy trauma Low-energy trauma | 26 (52) 24 (47) | 26 (52) 24 (28) | 1.00 |
Open Fracture, n (%) | 16 (31) | 22 (44) | 0.40 |
Surgical Treatment †, n (%) | |||
Intramedullary nail‡ Locking screws External fixation Osteosynthesis plate Supplemental bone graph | 29 (58) 20 (39) 16 (31) 19 (37) 17 (33) | 24 (49) 14 (28) 18 (36) 19 (38) 13 (26) | 0.42 0.29 0.68 1.00 0.52 |
Smoking Status, n (%) | |||
Non smoker Ex-smoker Current smoker | 20 (39) 12 (24) 19 (37) | 15 (30) 12 (24) 23 (46) | 0.57 |