Table 3 Regression models of predictors for non-return to work. Adjusted for all the other variables

OR (95%CI)

p- value

OR (95%CI)

p- value

OR (95%CI)

p- value

Group

BI

1.0 (0.4-2.3)

0.96

1.1 (0.6-2.2)

0.77

1.3 (0.7-2.6)

0.45

BI/PE

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

Gender

Male

1.2 (0.5-2.8)

0.75

0.9 (0.4-1.8)

0.74

0.6 (0.3-1.3)

0.20

Female

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

Age

Under 41 years

1.4 (0.6-3.4)

0.42

1.7 (0.8-3.3)

0.16

2.9 (1.4-6.0)

0.003

41 years or older

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

Education

Higher education

1.5 (0.5-4.5)

0.49

0.6 (0.2-1.5)

0.27

0.4 (0.2-1.1)

0.08

No higher education

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

Workload

Constant back strain

4.2 (1.5-12)

0.006

2.1 (0.8-5.2)

0.11

1.2 (0.5-3.2)

0.65

Seldom back strain

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

Sleep problems

Sleep problems due to pain

1.2 (0.4-3.4)

0.77

1.0 (0.4-2.4)

0.93

1.9 (0.7-5.2)

0.20

No sleep problems

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

Reduced ability to walk

Reduced ability to walk due to pain

2.4 (0.8-7.0)

0.06

2.6 (1.3-5.4)

0.01

1.2 (0.6-2.5)

0.63

Able to walk far

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

Expectations of RTW

Negative expectations

4.2 (1.7-10)

0.001

1.9 (0.9-4.0)

0.11

2.0 (0.9-4.3)

0.10

Positive expectations

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

Physiotherapy

Had been to PT

3.3 (1.3-8.3)

0.01

2.1 (1.1-4.3)

0.048

0.8 (0.4-1.7)

0.56

Had not been to PT

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

Back pain intensity (1-10)

> 7 back pain intensity

1.6 (0.5-4.5)

0.41

0.5 (0.2-1.2)

0.13

1.5 (0.7-3.2)

0.32

< 7 pain intensity

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

Pain during activity (1-9)

> 6 pain intensity during activity

1.0 (0.4-2.6)

0.95

2.4 (1.1-5.1)

0.027

1.5 (0.7-3.2)

0.32

< 6 pain intensity

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

Pain during rest

> 4 pain intensity during rest

5.6 (1.7-19)

0.005

1.8 (0.8-3.8)

0.15

1.5 (0.7-3.3)

0.28

< 4 pain intensity

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)