| Univariable analyses | Multivariable analysesb | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||
Sex | ||||||
 Male | reference | – | – | reference | – | – |
 Female | 0.8 | 0.57 | 1.24 | 1.0 | 0.55 | 1.64 |
Age | ||||||
 50–59 years | reference | – | – | reference | – | – |
 60–69 years | 1.0 | 0.62 | 1.60 | 1.0 | 0.61 | 1.77 |
  ≥ 70 years | 0.6 | 0.38 | 0.96 | 0.7 | 0.38 | 1.20 |
Monthly household income | ||||||
 Low | reference | – | – | reference | – | – |
 Low to moderate | 1.2 | 0.86 | 1.80 | 1.2 | 0.76 | 1.77 |
 Moderate to high | 0.8 | 0.47 | 1.35 | 0.6 | 0.34 | 1.14 |
 High | 1.3 | 0.80 | 2.11 | 1.1 | 0.61 | 1.90 |
Education level | ||||||
  ≤ Elementary school | reference | – | – | reference | – | – |
 Middle school | 1.2 | 0.73 | 1.85 | 0.8 | 0.48 | 1.48 |
 High school | 1.3 | 0.76 | 2.30 | 1.2 | 0.64 | 2.33 |
  ≥ College | 2.1 | 0.80 | 5.30 | 1.9 | 0.67 | 5.51 |
Marital status | ||||||
 With spouse | reference | – | – | reference | – | – |
 Without spouse | 1.6 | 1.16 | 2.24 | 1.3 | 0.90 | 2.00 |
Depressive mood | ||||||
 No | reference |  |  | reference |  |  |
 Yes | 1.3 | 0.89 | 1.81 | 1.5 | 0.98 | 2.19 |
Body mass index | ||||||
  > 25 kg/m2 | reference | – | – | reference | – | – |
  ≤ 25 kg/m2 | 1.1 | 0.79 | 1.54 | 1.0 | 0.71 | 1.46 |
Cigarette smoking | ||||||
 Nonsmoker | reference | – | – | reference | – | – |
 Smoker | 0.6 | 0.33 | 1.20 | 0.6 | 0.26 | 1.18 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
 Never | reference | – | – | reference | – | – |
 Low | 0.7 | 0.50 | 1.09 | 0.7 | 0.46 | 1.09 |
 Moderate | 1.6 | 1.05 | 2.53 | 1.3 | 0.78 | 2.27 |
 Excessive | 2.0 | 1.17 | 3.52 | 1.6 | 0.77 | 3.16 |
Knee pain severity | ||||||
 None to mild | reference | – | – | reference | – | – |
 Moderate | 1.0 | 0.63 | 1.69 | 0.9 | 0.53 | 1.59 |
 Severe | 0.8 | 0.51 | 1.34 | 0.8 | 0.48 | 1.39 |
Number of comorbidities | ||||||
 0 | reference | – | – | reference | – | – |
 1 | 0.9 | 0.61 | 1.31 | 0.9 | 0.59 | 1.37 |
 2 | 0.9 | 0.60 | 1.38 | 0.8 | 0.50 | 1.29 |
  ≥ 3 | 0.6 | 0.34 | 1.01 | 0.5 | 0.27 | 0.94 |