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  1. Mechanical overload applied on the articular cartilage may play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. However, the mechanism of chondrocyte mechanotransduction is not fully understood. The p...

    Authors: Yuki Takeda, Yasuo Niki, Yusuke Fukuhara, Yoshitsugu Fukuda, Kazuhiko Udagawa, Masayuki Shimoda, Toshiyuki Kikuchi, Shu Kobayashi, Kengo Harato, Takeshi Miyamoto, Morio Matsumoto and Masaya Nakamura

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:238

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Recently, a percutaneous spinal endoscopy unilateral posterior interlaminar approach to perform bilateral decompression has been proposed for use in treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis, As a development and su...

    Authors: Jingbo Xue, Haoxiang Chen, Bin Zhu, Xuelin Li, Zhihua Ouyang, Shan Li, Zhun Xu, Yong Xie and Yiguo Yan

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:236

    Content type: Research article

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  3. The aim of this retrospective monocentric study was to investigate the outcomes of surgically treated intra-articular calcaneus fractures in a maximum care trauma center.

    Authors: Christin Schindler, Andreas Schirm, Vilijam Zdravkovic, Primoz Potocnik, Bernhard Jost and Andreas Toepfer

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:234

    Content type: Research article

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  4. We evaluated the 1-year safety and efficacy of diclofenac etalhyaluronate (DF-HA), a diclofenac-conjugated hyaluronate, in patients with osteoarthritis (OA).

    Authors: Yoshihiro Nishida, Kazuyuki Kano, Taiki Osato and Takayuki Seo

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:233

    Content type: Research article

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  5. In recent years, technological improvements allowed imaging modalities to become increasingly essential in achieving early and precise diagnoses in the field of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). T...

    Authors: Domenico Albano and Francesco Carubbi

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:227

    Content type: Editorial

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  6. To tailor physical activity treatment programs for patients with osteoarthritis, clinicians need valid and feasible measurement tools to evaluate habitual physical activity. The widely used International Physi...

    Authors: Kenth Louis Joseph, Hanne Dagfinrud, Anne Christie, Kåre Birger Hagen and Anne Therese Tveter

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:232

    Content type: Research article

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  7. In osteoarthritis (OA), cartilage matrix is lost gradually despite enhanced matrix synthesis by chondrocytes. This paradox may be explained, at least partly, by reduced chondrocyte anabolism in degenerated are...

    Authors: Nobuho Tanaka, Hirotaka Tsuno, Satoru Ohashi, Mitsuyasu Iwasawa, Hiroshi Furukawa, Tomohiro Kato and Naoshi Fukui

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:231

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an effective procedure for patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis. However, whether or not pre-operatively existing functional deficits are persisting several years post-sur...

    Authors: Stefanie John, David Weizel, Anna S. Heumann, Anja Fischer, Katja Orlowski, Kai-Uwe Mrkor, Jürgen Edelmann-Nusser and Kerstin Witte

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:230

    Content type: Research article

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  9. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathway is a highlighted topic in the field of inflammation. However, there is little resear...

    Authors: Mengying Jia, Yaoguang Lv, Yingjie Xu and Zhongcheng Gong

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:229

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Pain is the principal symptom in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Current non-operative treatment options have only moderate effects and often patients experience persistent pain or side-effects. Novel advances in th...

    Authors: Niels-Peter Brøchner Nygaard, Carsten Koch-Jensen, Henrik Bjarke Vægter, Niels Wedderkopp, Morten Blichfeldt-Eckhardt and Bibi Gram

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:228

    Content type: Study protocol

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  11. To evaluate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) in perioperative nurses and to explore their association with personal characteristics.

    Authors: Marco Clari, Alessandro Godono, Giacomo Garzaro, Gianluca Voglino, Maria Rosaria Gualano, Giuseppe Migliaretti, Attilia Gullino, Catalina Ciocan and Valerio Dimonte

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:226

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common spinal deformity. Posterior spinal fusion remains an important surgical treatment for AIS. This study aims to determine the predictive factors for intraoperati...

    Authors: Chris Yuk Kwan Tang, Vijay H. D. Kamath, Prudence Wing Hang Cheung and Jason Pui Yin Cheung

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:225

    Content type: Research article

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  13. The secondary fracture prevention gap in the osteoporosis field has been previously described as a ‘crisis’. Closing this gap is increasingly important in the context of accumulating evidence showing that an i...

    Authors: Jonathan D. Adachi, Jacques P. Brown, Emil Schemitsch, Jean-Eric Tarride, Vivien Brown, Alan D. Bell, Maureen Reiner, Millicent Packalen, Ponda Motsepe-Ditshego, Natasha Burke and Lubomira Slatkovska

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:224

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Although varus inclination of the tibial plateau has increasingly been recognized as a major risk factor in the progression of Osteoarthritis of the knee (OA knee), little attention has been placed on the deve...

    Authors: Shun-Ping Wang, Po-Kuan Wu, Cheng-Hung Lee, Cheng-Min Shih, Yung-Cheng Chiu and Cheng-En Hsu

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:223

    Content type: Research article

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  15. The hexapod external fixator (HEF), such as the Taylor spatial frame (TSF), offering the ability of multidirectional deformities correction without changing the structure, whereas there are so many parameters ...

    Authors: Yanshi Liu, Hong Li, Jialin Liu, Xingpeng Zhang, Maimaiaili Yushan, Zhenhui Liu, Chuang Ma and Aihemaitijiang Yusufu

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:221

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Myeloid sarcoma is a rare, extramedullary, solid tumor derived from immature myeloid cell precursors. It is most frequently accompanied by acute myelogenous leukemia, though infrequently found in non-acute mye...

    Authors: Cheng-Rui Bai, Xiang Li, Jing-Shi Wang, Jin-Jun Li, Ning Liu, Qi Fei, Dong Li and Yong Yang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:220

    Content type: Case report

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  17. Musculoskeletal injuries, such as stress fractures, are the single most important medical impediment to military readiness in the U.S. Army. While multiple studies have established race- and sex-based risks as...

    Authors: Ginu Unnikrishnan, Chun Xu, Michael Baggaley, Junfei Tong, Sahil Kulkarni, W. Brent Edwards and Jaques Reifman

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:219

    Content type: Research article

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  18. For patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis, whether additional posterior fixation can further improve segmental alignment is unknown, compared with stand-alone cage insertion in oblique lumbar interbody ...

    Authors: Jingye Wu, Tenghui Ge, Ning Zhang, Jianing Li, Wei Tian and Yuqing Sun

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:218

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Spinal deformity is frequently identified in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). As it progresses, tracheal stenosis often develops due to compression between the innominate artery and anteriorly deviated verte...

    Authors: Yuki Taniguchi, Yoshitaka Matsubayashi, So Kato, Fumihiko Oguchi, Ayato Nohara, Toru Doi, Yasushi Oshima and Sakae Tanaka

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:217

    Content type: Case report

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  20. Anterior scoliosis correction is a powerful technique with the disadvantage of a kyphotic effect on lumbar and thoracolumbar curves. We aimed to investigate whether a cognizant interposition of a rib graft ant...

    Authors: Mazda Farshad, Andrea Frey, Thorsten Jentzsch, Michael Betz, Jonas Widmer and José Miguel Spirig

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:216

    Content type: Research article

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  21. One of the causes of dissatisfaction following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is abnormal knee kinematics. A newly designed bi-cruciate stabilized (BCS) TKA system has been developed to produce close-to-normal ...

    Authors: Hiroshi Inui, Shuji Taketomi, Ryota Yamagami, Kenichi Kono, Kohei Kawaguchi, Kosuke Uehara and Sakae Tanaka

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:215

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Although pelvic incidence (PI) is a key morphologic parameter in assessing spinopelvic sagittal alignment, accurate measurements of PI become difficult in patients with severe hip dislocation or femoral head d...

    Authors: Yasuhito Takahashi, Kei Watanabe, Masashi Okamoto, Shun Hatsushikano, Kazuhiro Hasegawa and Naoto Endo

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:214

    Content type: Research article

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  24. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short- and intermediate-term effects of the combined application of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) techniques and neuromuscular exercises of ...

    Authors: Konstantinos Mylonas, Pavlos Angelopoulos, Evdokia Billis, Elias Tsepis and Konstantinos Fousekis

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:212

    Content type: Research article

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  26. In this study, we investigated whether substance P (SP) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression is associated with tendon degeneration in patients with lateral epicondylitis.

    Authors: Soo-Hong Han, Hyung Kyung Kim, Yoon Jang, Hyeon Hae Lee, Jeongbae Rhie, Donghun Han, Jongbeom Oh and Soonchul Lee

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:210

    Content type: Research article

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  27. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different pretreatment methods on the microbial yield from infectious tissues.

    Authors: Yuanqing Cai, Xinyu Fang, Lvheng Zhang, Xurong Yang, Lixiong Nie, Zida Huang, Wenbo Li, Chaofan Zhang, Bin Yang, Zhenpeng Guan and Wenming Zhang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:209

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Measuring the strain patterns of ligaments at various joint positions informs our understanding of their function. However, few studies have examined the biomechanical properties of ankle ligaments; further, t...

    Authors: Yoshitaka Takeuchi, Ryota Inokuchi, Masato Takao, Mark Glazebrook, Xavier Martin Oliva, Takayuki Yamazaki, Maya Kubo, Danielle Lowe, Kentaro Matsui, Mai Katakura and Satoru Ozeki

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:208

    Content type: Research article

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  29. 3D Surgical planning has become a key tool in complex hip revision surgery. The restoration of centre of rotation (CoR) of the hips and leg length (LL) are key factors in achieving good clinical outcome. Pelvi...

    Authors: Anna Di Laura, Johann Henckel, Elisabetta Dal Gal, Mohammed Monem, Maria Moralidou and Alister J. Hart

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:207

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Walking is an easily prescribed physical activity for people with low back pain (LBP). However, the evidence for its effectiveness to improve pain and disability levels for people with chronic low back pain (C...

    Authors: Angelica E. Lang, Paul A. Hendrick, Lynne Clay, Prosanta Mondal, Catherine M. Trask, Brenna Bath, Erika D. Penz, Samuel A. Stewart, G. David Baxter, Deidre A. Hurley, Suzanne M. McDonough and Stephan Milosavljevic

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:206

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Although the Nirschl technique was introduced approximately 40 years ago, only limited information is available about the long-term results, especially concerning extensor power changes after surgery.

    Authors: Soonchul Lee, In-Tae Hong, Soohyun Lee, Tae-sup Kim, Kyunghun Jung and Soo-Hong Han

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:205

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Pediatric deformity surgery traditionally involves major blood loss. Patients refusing blood transfusion add extra clinical and medicolegal challenges; specifically the Jehovah’s witnesses population. The obje...

    Authors: Alexander Mihas, Subaraman Ramchandran, Sebastian Rivera, Ali Mansour, Jahangir Asghar, Harry Shufflebarger and Stephen George

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:204

    Content type: Research article

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  33. The surgical treatment of acetabular fracture has adverse outcomes and high risk, and minimally invasive method is a good way to reduce complications and improve hip joint function. This study is to investigat...

    Authors: Sheng Yao, Kaifang Chen, Fengzhao Zhu, Jia Liu, Yulong Wang, Lian Zeng, Yizhou Wan, Yanzhen Qu, Liang Yang, Xiaodong Guo and Xu Yang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:203

    Content type: Research article

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  34. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether decompression of suprascapular nerve (SSN) at the spinoglenoid notch could lead to a better functional outcome for the patients who underwent repairment of r...

    Authors: Pu Yang, Chen Wang, Dongfang Zhang, Yi Zhang, Tengbo Yu and Chao Qi

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:202

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Monoblock taper fluted stems have been reliably used to treat proximal femoral periprosthetic fractures (PFF) and femoral aseptic loosening (AL). Although proximal femoral remodeling has been observed around t...

    Authors: Gábor Friebert, Csaba Gombár, András Bozó, Ilona Polyák, Ádám Brzózka and Krisztián Sisák

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:201

    Content type: Research article

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  36. This study aimed to assess the surgical outcomes of two kinds of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) putties/local autograft composites in instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF).

    Authors: Dong-Gune Chang, Jong-Beom Park and Yangjun Han

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:200

    Content type: Research article

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  37. To evaluate and quantify the intraoperative effect of capsulorrhaphy on the deep seating of femoral head within the acetabulum as measured by medial joint space, a surrogate measure of acetabular-head contact.

    Authors: Ramin Zargarbashi, Mohammadreza Bozorgmanesh, Behnam Panjavi and Fardis Vosoughi

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:199

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) arises from the two etiological factors of functional (FAI) and mechanical ankle instability (MAI). To distinguish the contributions of the two etiologies, it is necessary to qu...

    Authors: Markus Wenning, Dominic Gehring, Thomas Lange, David Fuerst-Meroth, Paul Streicher, Hagen Schmal and Albert Gollhofer

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:198

    Content type: Research Article

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  39. The purpose of this study was to use MRI and CT to observe osteoporosis vertebral fracture (OVF) combined with endplate-disc complex (EDC) injury and to classify the degree of EDC injury according to the chang...

    Authors: Shuai Zhang, Song Wang, Qing Wang, Jin Yang and Shuang Xu

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:197

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. A mismatch between the femoral component and trochlear resection surface is observed in kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (KA-TKA) when conventional prostheses are employed. This mismatch is mainly...

    Authors: Zhiwei Wang, Liang Wen, Liang Zhang, Desi Ma, Xiang Dong and Tiebing Qu

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:196

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. L-carnitine decreases oxidation and inflammation by reducing the fatty acid in plasma and using oxygen in ATP synthesis. As such, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) can be improved by reducing apoptotic chondrocytes. T...

    Authors: Farnaz Baghban, Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh, Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi, Ali Dehghan and Hossein Fallahzadeh

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:195

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Current health policy states that patients with osteoarthritis (OA) should mainly be managed in primary health care. Still, research shows that patients with hand OA have poor access to recommended treatment i...

    Authors: Ingvild Kjeken, Kjetil Bergsmark, Ida K. Haugen, Toril Hennig, Merete Hermann-Eriksen, Vivian Tryving Hornburg, Åshild Hove, Anne Prøven, Trine Amalie Sjøvold and Barbara Slatkowsky-Christensen

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:194

    Content type: Study protocol

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  43. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Olof Westin, Tony Sjögren, Simon Svedman, Alexandra Horvath, Eric Hamrin Senorski, Kristian Samuelsson and Paul Ackermann

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:193

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:358

  44. Good physical capability is an important part of healthy biological ageing. Several factors influencing physical capability have previously been reported. Long-term reports on physical capability and the onset...

    Authors: Samuli Juopperi, Reijo Sund, Toni Rikkonen, Heikki Kröger and Joonas Sirola

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:192

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:349

  45. Proven treatments for low back pain, at best, only provide modest overall benefits. Matching people to treatments that are likely to be most effective for them may improve clinical outcomes and makes better us...

    Authors: Siew Wan Hee, Dipesh Mistry, Tim Friede, Sarah E. Lamb, Nigel Stallard, Martin Underwood and Shilpa Patel

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:191

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Irreparable massive rotator cuff tears (IMRCTs) are a well-known cause for functional limitation and difficult to treat. Although several joint-preserving as well as joint-replacing procedures were found to pr...

    Authors: Fabian Plachel, Paul Siegert, Philipp Moroder, Leo Pauzenberger, Brenda Laky, Werner Anderl and Philipp Heuberer

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:190

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Faster, easier, more economical and more effective versions of the minimally invasive reduction procedure for femoral shaft fractures need to be developed for use by orthopaedic surgeons. In this study, a frac...

    Authors: Wei Shui, Youyin Yang, Xinling Pi, Gang Luo, Bo Qiao, Weidong Ni and Shuquan Guo

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:187

    Content type: Research article

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  49. The use of smartphones has become widely popular, especially among young people, for multiple purposes other than communication, including gaming and internet browsing. The hand and wrist weakness is one of th...

    Authors: Ahmad Osailan

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:186

    Content type: Research article

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  50. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether pelvic incidence (PI) will affect the occurrence of PJK in Lenke 5 AIS patients after correction surgery and try to explore a better surgical scheme based on...

    Authors: Quan Zhou, Bowen Hu, Xi Yang, Yueming Song, Limin Liu, Linnan Wang, Lei Wang, Chunguang Zhou, Zhongjie Zhou, Peng Xiu and Liang Wang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:185

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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