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Table 1 Definitions for Global and Regional Radiographic measurements

From: Relationship between spinal imbalance and knee osteoarthritis by using full-body EOS

Sagittal Vertebral Axis

Horizontal offset distance between an imaginary plumb line dropped from the center of the C7 vertebra to the posterosuperior superior endplate of S1

Pelvic tilt

Acute angle subtended by a line drawn from the midpoint of the superior endplate of S1 to the bicoxafemoral hip center and an imaginary vertical line

Pelvic incidence

Angle subtended by the perpendicular of superior endplate of S1 and a line drawn from the midpoint of the superior endplate of S1 to the bicoxafemoral hip center

Global tilt

Angle subtended by a line drawn from the midpoint of the superior endplate of S1 to the bicoxafemoral hip center and a line from the center of the C7 vertebra to the superior endplate of S1

Lumbar lordosis

Angle measured using the inferior endplate of T12 and the superior endplate of S1

Hip-Knee-Ankle angle

Acute angle between femur mechanical axis and tibial mechanical axis in the coronal plane

Knee flexion angle

Angle between femur mechanical axis and tibial mechanical axis In the sagittal plane

Lateral distal femoral angle

Angle between the femur mechanical axis and the distal articular surface of the femur in the coronal plane

Medial proximal tibial angle

Angle between the tibial mechanical axis and the proximal articular surface of the tibia in the coronal plane

  1. SVA indicates sagittal vertical axis