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Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of all participants, separated by sex

From: Construct validity of the Mini-BESTest in individuals with chronic pain in specialized pain care

 

Units

Overall

Female

Male

Sex, n = 180

n (%)

180 (100)

112 (62.2)

68 (37.8)

Age (y), n = 180

mean (SD)

51.6 (15.9)

50.7 (15.5)

53.1 (16.5)

Nation of birth, n = 173

n (%)

   

 Sweden

 

150 (86.7)

95 (88.8)

55 (83.3)

 Other European country

 

15 (8.7)

8 (7.5)

7 (10.6)

 Non-European country

 

8 (4.6)

4 (3.7)

4 (6.1)

Education, n = 173

n (%)

   

 <High school

 

48 (27.7)

21 (19.6)

27 (40.9)

 High school

 

77 (44.5)

48 (44.9)

29 (43.9)

 University or college

 

48 (27.7)

38 (35.5)

10 (15.2)

Main occupation, n = 169

n (%)

   

 Employment

 

49 (27.2)

33 (31.1)

16 (25.4)

 Student

 

2 (1.1)

1 (0.9)

1 (1.6)

 Retired a

 

60 (33.3)

34 (32.1)

26 (41.3)

 On long-term sick leave b

 

44 (24.4)

30 (28.3)

14 (22.2)

 Unemployed

 

7 (3.9)

4 (3.8)

3 (4.8)

 Other

 

7 (3.9)

4 (3.8)

3 (4.8)

Referral to, n = 180

n (%)

   

 Outpatient pain consultation

 

121 (67.2)

80 (71.4)

41 (60.3)

 Inpatient multimodal pain assessment or rehabilitation

 

59 (32.8)

32 (28.6)

27 (39.7)

Pain duration, n = 177

n (%)

   

 3 months – 1 year

 

6 (3.4)

4 (3.6)

2 (3.0)

 > 1 year – 3 years

 

32 (18.1)

16 (14.5)

16 (23.9)

 > 3 years – 10 years

 

50 (28.2)

32 (29.1)

18 (26.9)

 > 10 years

 

89 (50.3)

58 (52.7)

31 (46.3)

Pain classification c, n = 180

n

   

 Primary chronic pain

 

93

65

28

 Chronic cancer-related pain

 

3

0

3

 Chronic postsurgical or posttraumatic pain

 

52

35

17

 Chronic neuropathic pain

 

40

21

19

 Chronic secondary headache or orofacial pain

 

5

4

1

 Chronic secondary visceral pain

 

11

9

2

 Chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain

 

51

38

13

 More than one pain condition

 

63

49

14

Pain intensity d, n = 167

median (Q1-Q3)

6.5 (5.5–7.2)

6.5 (5.5–7.5)

6.5 (5.5–7.2)

Pain interference d, n = 168

median (Q1-Q3)

6.8 (5.4–8.3)

6.6 (5.2–8.3)

7.4 (5.4–8.3)

Fear of movement/(re) injury e, n = 162

median (Q1-Q3)

24.0 (19.0–30.0)

23.0 (17.0–29.0)

26.0 (20.0–32.0)

Pain Catastrophizing f, n = 166

median (Q1-Q3)

24.5 (15.8–32.0)

24.0 (16.0-33.5)

25.0 (15.0-36.5)

Balance g, n = 180

median (Q1-Q3)

(min-max)

21.0 (16.0–25.0)

(1–28)

21.0 (16.0–24.0)

(1–27)

22.5 (16.0–25.0)

(2–28)

Walking speed (m/s) h, n = 174

mean (SD)

   

 Comfortable

 

1.1 (0.3)

1.1 (0.3)

1.1 (0.3)

 Maximum

 

1.5 (0.5)

1.5 (0.5)

1.6 (0.5)

  1. a By age, disability, or early retirement. b More than 3 months. c According to the IASP classification of chronic pain for the ICD-11. Based on data from medical records. More than one pain condition per patient is possible. d BPI-SF = Brief Pain Inventory short form. Pain intensity, composite score including items 3–6, ranges 0–10, with higher scores indicating a higher pain intensity. Pain interference, composite score including item 9a–g, ranges 0–10, with higher scores indicating a higher pain interference. e TSK-11 = Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11, ranges 11–44, with higher scores indicating a greater fear of movement/(re) injury. f PCS-SW = Pain Catastrophizing scale – Swedish version, ranges 0–52, with higher scores indicating greater pain catastrophizing. g Mini-BESTest = Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test, ranges 0–28, with higher scores indicating a better balance performance. h 10MWT = 10 m Walk Test. An average of three trials was used for the calculation of walking speed in meters per second