Efficacy of ultrasound guided caudal epidural steroid injection with or without ozone in patients with lumbosacral canal stenosis; a randomized clinical controlled trial

Table 2 Comparison of changes in VAS, ODI and WD of patients with lumbar stenosis within and between the groups over time

Var	Time	Test of Within-group effects (Mean change from baseline)				Test of between-group effects (Mean change from group)
Var	Time	CS	P-value ^a	CS + Ozone	P-value ^b	MD	95% CI	P-value ^c	Effect size
VAS	T1	-2.73 (-3.51, -1.96)	< 0.001	-3.33 (-4.10, -2.55)	< 0.001	-0.59	(-1.69, 0.50)	0.289	0.29(0.23, 0.35)
VAS	T6	-2.91 (-3.69, -2.13)	< 0.001	-3.45(-4.23, -2.68)	< 0.001	-0.54	(-1.64, 0.55)	0.330	0.27 (0.21 ,0.31)
ODI	T1	-14.26 (-16.76, -11.75)	< 0.001	-12.87 (-15.79, -9.95	< 0.001	1.38	(-2.47, 5.24)	0.482	0.19(-0.37, 0.76)
ODI	T6	-13.65 (-16.15, -11.14)	< 0.001	-13.37 (-16.29, -10.45)	< 0.001	0.27	(-3.58, 4.13)	0.88	0.03 (-0.54 ,0.60)
WD	T1	73.91(42.22,105.59)	< 0.001	127.08 (92.96,161.2)	< 0.001	53.17	(6.51,99.82)	0.026	0.57(0.01 1.15)
WD	T6	64.13(32.44 ,95.81)	< 0.001	121.04 (86.92,155.15)	< 0.001	56.91	(10.25,103.56)	0.017	0.62 (0.04 ,1.21)

P-value^a: Adjusted generalized estimating equations model after controlling the baseline Outcome, sex, age, BMI, DM
P-value^b: (|Baseline − 6th month|/Baseline) *100
P-value^c: Adjusted generalized estimating equations model after controlling the baseline Outcome, sex, age, BMI, DM

ISSN: 1471-2474