Table 2 Comparisons of data between observational and control group

No. of females, n (%)

16 (84.2%)

63 (78.8%)

0.594

Age, years

66.26 ± 8.15

64.18 ± 8.39

0.330

BMI, kg/m²

24.85 ± 11.31

24.24 ± 9.59

0.685

Follow-up, month

49.46 ± 18.78

52.6 ± 20.21

0.291

UIV, n

0.087

    T10 or above

16

51

    L2-T11

3

29

LIV, n

0.744

    S1, S2, or ilium

11

43

    L4-L5

8

37

    FS

8.0 ± 2.08

8.32 ± 2.32

0.578

PJF, n (%)

11 (57.9%)

8 (10%)

 < 0.001

OR = 12.375

Preop-TK (°)

17.78 ± 12.12

17.02 ± 12.93

0.816

Postop-TK (°)

26.50 ± 11.33

21.53 ± 9.64

0.054

d-TK (°)

8.72 ± 12.45

4.28 ± 9.50

0.159

Preop-LL (°)

-13.0 ± 23.48

-25.25 ± 18.91

0.018^*

Postop-LL (°)

-28.45 ± 8.54

-40.68 ± 11.50

 < 0.001^*

d-LL (°)

15.45 ± 22.53

15.43 ± 14.21

0.998

Preop-SS (°)

10.62 ± 12.19

24.68 ± 11.82

 < 0.001^*

Postop-SS (°)

17.46 ± 5.54

32.29 ± 9.17

 < 0.001^*

d-SS (°)

6.83 ± 10.47

7.70 ± 8.66

0.709

Preop-PT (°)

32.73 ± 13.56

21.93 ± 10.19

 < 0.001^*

Postop-PT (°)

25.99 ± 9.58

14.39 ± 7.92

 < 0.001^*

d-PT (°)

-6.74 ± 9.78

-7.60 ± 7.73

0.681

PI (°)

43.38 ± 11.07

46.73 ± 11.56

0.256

Preop-SVA (mm)

81.76 ± 67.36

43.72 ± 48.24

 < 0.001^*

Postop-SVA (mm)

10.5 ± 36.65

15.5 ± 34.09

0.572

d-SVA (mm)

-71.26 ± 53.81

-28.15 ± 46.82

 < 0.001^*

Postop-SPI

0.13 ± 2.12

3.77 ± 4.60

 < 0.001^*