Table 1 Study population with clinical and functional outcome parameters and scores according to the number of fracture parts of proximal humeral fractures (n = number, SD = standard deviation, BMI = body mass index, SSV = Subjective Shoulder Value, VAS = Visual Analog Scale, QDASH = Quick Disability Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score, CS = Constant-Murley Score, ACS = age and sex corrected Constant-Murley Score, adl = activities of daily living, fu = follow-up, ROM = range of motion)
| Â | Â | study population | number of dislocated fracture parts | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||
n | Â | 98 | Â | 15 | Â | 28 | Â | 55 | Â |
gender (n, %) | female | 74 | 75.5% | 10 | 66.7% | 22 | 78.6% | 42 | 76.4% |
male | 24 | 24.5% | 5 | 33.3% | 6 | 21.4% | 13 | 23.6% | |
age (Mean, SD) |  | 66,0 |  ± 13.2 | 57.7 |  ± 18.4 | 65.2 |  ± 12.2 | 68.7 |  ± 11.0 |
age group (n, %) | < 50 | 8 | 8.2% | 4 | 26.7% | 2 | 7.1% | 2 | 3.6% |
50—70 | 47 | 48.0% | 6 | 40.0% | 13 | 46.4% | 28 | 50.9% | |
> 70 | 43 | 43.9% | 5 | 33.3% | 13 | 46.4% | 25 | 45.5% | |
months surgery to fu (Mean, SD) |  | 27.6 |  ± 13.2 | 25.3 |  ± 11.9 | 30.8 |  ± 15.9 | 26.7 |  ± 11.9 |
body mass index (Mean, SD) |  | 25.5 |  ± 4,1 | 25.4 |  ± 4.4 | 25.2 |  ± 3.6 | 25.7 |  ± 4.3 |
smoking (n, %) | yes | 8 | 8.2% | 1 | 6.7% | 3 | 10.7% | 4 | 7.3% |
no | 90 | 91.8% | 14 | 93.3% | 25 | 89.3% | 51 | 92.7% | |
diabetes (n, %) | yes | 10 | 10.2% | 0 | 0.0% | 5 | 17.9% | 5 | 9.1% |
no | 88 | 89.8% | 15 | 100.0% | 23 | 82.1% | 50 | 90.9% | |
affected dominant hand (n, %) | yes | 52 | 53.1% | 9 | 60.0% | 12 | 42.9% | 31 | 56.4% |
no | 46 | 46.9% | 6 | 40.0% | 16 | 57.1% | 24 | 43.6% | |
head split component (n, %) | yes | 32 | 32.7% | 1 | 6.7% | 3 | 10.7% | 28 | 50.9% |
no | 66 | 67.3% | 14 | 93.3% | 25 | 89.3% | 27 | 49.1% | |
Preoperative osteoarthritis (n, %) | yes | 27 | 27.6% | 2 | 13.3% | 9 | 32.1% | 16 | 29.1% |
no | 71 | 72.4% | 13 | 86.7% | 19 | 67.9% | 39 | 70.9% | |
SSV (Mean, SD) |  | 83.3 |  ± 15.6 | 85.6 |  ± 14.5 | 91.1 |  ± 8.4 | 78.7 |  ± 17.2 |
VAS (Mean, SD) |  | 1.2 |  ± 1.9 | 1,2 |  ± 1.9 | 0.5 |  ± 0.8 | 1,6 |  ± 2.1 |
QDASH (Mean, SD) |  | 13.1 |  ± 17.0 | 13.8 |  ± 24.1 | 4,9 |  ± 5.1 | 17.0 |  ± 17.4 |
CS (Mean, SD) | ACS | 80.4 |  ± 16.0 | 88.7 |  ± 8.3 | 88.3 |  ± 8.9 | 74.2 |  ± 17.7 |
pain | 13.5 |  ± 2.3 | 13.9 |  ± 1.9 | 14.5 |  ± 0.9 | 12.8 |  ± 2.6 | |
adl | 17.5 |  ± 3.4 | 18.3 |  ± 2.7 | 19.3 |  ± 1.5 | 16.3 |  ± 3.8 | |
rom | 33.5 |  ± 8.2 | 38.3 |  ± 3.1 | 36.7 |  ± 5.2 | 30.6 |  ± 9.1 | |
strength | 13.1 |  ± 5.9 | 16.3 |  ± 5.6 | 14.9 |  ± 4.2 | 11.4 |  ± 6.2 | |
active ROM (Mean, SD) | abduction | 146.0 |  ± 36.6 | 165.3 |  ± 17.3 | 161.4 |  ± 25.5 | 132.9 |  ± 40.0 |
flexion | 146.6 |  ± 34.9 | 163.0 |  ± 19.8 | 163.2 |  ± 22.8 | 133.7 |  ± 38.0 | |
external rotation | 47.5 |  ± 22.1 | 59.3 |  ± 19.1 | 53.4 |  ± 19.2 | 41.3 |  ± 22.4 | |