Endocrine factors | Number of studies | Sample size | Other outcome measures | Results | Research type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serum leptin [59] | 1 | 120 | Anthropometric data | Decrease in serum leptin Correlations between leptin and the BMI, and BMC/BMD | Observational study |
4 | 486 | HR-pQCT parameters(n = 3) Anthropometric parameters (n = 1) | Decrease in serum leptin Increase of SLR Correlations between leptin and bone-related measures | Observational study (n = 3) Systematic review (n = 1) | |
Serum sclerostin [58] | 1 | 47 | Anthropometric parameters DXA/HR-pQCT parameters | Increase the level of serum sclerostin Correlation between serum sclerostin and cortical volumetric BMD and thickness | Observational study |
Serum ghrelin [62] | 1 | 132 | / | Increase of ghrelin | Systematic review |
IL-6 [63] | 1 | 36 | Anthropometric parameters BMD | Correlation between IL-6 and BMD | Observational study |
Nontargeted plasma metabolites [64] | 1 | 16 | Anthropometric parameters BMD | Correlation between oxoglutarate, L-arginine, arginine, N-acetylaspartate, citrate, and BMI/BMD | Observational study |