Skip to main content

Table 1 Logic Model describing the aims, format and intended outcomes of the mentoring intervention

From: The feasibility of implementing a cultural mentoring program alongside pain management and physical rehabilitation for chronic musculoskeletal conditions: results of a controlled before-and-after pilot study

Case

Target

Mentoring Intervention Characteristics

Outputs

Impact

1: Tertiary pain clinic

To facilitate patient activation and engagement with an 8-week low-intensity multidisciplinary pain management program

What: Emotional, informational and appraisal support33 to assist people with chronic pain to participate in a pain management program and adopt self-management behaviours.

Where: Virtual* mentor and patients

Who: Arabic (n = 1), Vietnamese (n = 1), English speaking (n = 2) natural helpers with chronic musculoskeletal pain who previously attended a pain management program.

How: Natural Helpers participated in the pain management program, shared their lived experiences with the group and debriefed each participant (minimum of 15 minutes) individually during each session (6–8 sessions).

FEASIBILITY MEASURES

Number of participants recruited from each setting.

Demographics of people recruited and consenting to mentoring.

Dose and format of mentoring preferred and/or adopted by each setting

Attendance at scheduled appointments

Satisfaction with treatment (CSQ-8 measure)

Patient participation in mentoring sessions

Completion and return of outcome measures

Perceptions of and satisfaction with study processes (qualitative)

EFFECTIVENESS MEASURES

Clinical outcome trends for:

- Change in ‘activation’ (PAM: primary measure)

- Change in engagement (HLQ items 1 and 6) (secondary measure)

Design of future cluster RCT

Choice of outcome measures

Define core elements of the mentoring intervention

Identify future implementation strategies

2: Physiotherapy Musculoskeletal Outpatient Service

To facilitate patient activation and engagement with a 6-week physiotherapy education and exercise program.

What: Emotional, informational and appraisal support33 to assist people with musculoskeletal pain to participate in exercise therapy.

Where: Virtual* mentor with patients in the clinic.

Who: Assyrian and Arabic speaking (n = 1) natural helper with chronic musculoskeletal pain (knees and low back) who previously attended a physiotherapy exercise program and continued with self-management.

How: The Natural Helper virtually joined the program, participated in education sessions and shared their lived experiences followed by an individual debrief with each participant (minimum of 15 minutes) during each session (6 sessions).

3: Orthopaedic Hip and Knee Service

To facilitate patient activation, preparedness and engagement with hip or knee arthroplasty rehabilitation over a 12-week period.

What: Emotional, informational and appraisal support33 to assist people with end-stage osteoarthritis of the hip and knee to prepare for their surgery and engage in early post-operative rehabilitation.

Where: Hybrid: Virtual* mentor with participants in clinic and phone discussions.

Who: Arabic (n = 1) natural helper with musculoskeletal pain who had undergone a total knee arthroplasty with the service 12-months prior.

How: The Natural Helper participated in the pre-operative group education session sharing experiences preparing for and undergoing knee arthroplasty surgery, complemented with a minimum of 3 additional points of contact (phone before surgery); virtual visit while the patient was an inpatient; phone or virtual visit as an outpatient in the early post-operative period (3–5 sessions).

  1. *Mode was necessitated by the Covid-19 pandemic and restrictions on consumer/volunteer and patient activity at each public hospital
  2. CSQ-8: Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 item, PAM: Patient Activation Measure, HLQ: Health Literacy Questionnaire