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Table 5 Association between frequency of preceding low back pain and onset of sleep disturbance

From: Low back pain is associated with sleep disturbance: a 3-year longitudinal study after the Great East Japan Earthquake

 

Frequency of low back pain at the third time point

 
 

Total

Absence

1

2

3

P for trend

Participants without sleep disturbance at the third time point

1,385

868

276

166

75

 

Onset of sleep disturbance at the fourth time point, n (%)

171 (12.3)

86 (9.9)

41 (14.9)

29 (17.5)

15 (20.0)

 

Crude OR (95%CI)

 

1 (Ref.)

1.59 (1.06–2.37)

1.93 (1.22–3.04)

2.27 (1.24–4.18)

0.003

Adjusted OR (95%CI)

 

1 (Ref.)

1.60 (1.05–2.44)

1.96 (1.20–3.21)

2.17 (1.14–4.14)

0.007

  1. Adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, living area, smoking habits, drinking habits, comorbid conditions, working status, walking time, living status, subjective economic condition, psychological distress, and social isolation. OR indicates odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.