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Table 2 Association between low back pain and sleep disturbance at the fourth time point

From: Low back pain is associated with sleep disturbance: a 3-year longitudinal study after the Great East Japan Earthquake

 

Low back pain

 
 

Total

Absence

Presence

P value

Participants

2,097

1,536

561

 

Sleep disturbance, n (%)

697 (33.2)

425 (27.7)

272 (48.5)

 

Crude OR (95% CI)

 

1 (Ref.)

2.46 (2.02-3.00)

< 0.001

Adjusted OR (95%CI)

 

1 (Ref.)

2.21 (1.76–2.77)

< 0.001

  1. Adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, living area, smoking habits, drinking habits, comorbid conditions, working status, walking time, living status, subjective economic condition, psychological distress, and social isolation. OR indicates odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.