Low back pain | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | absence | presence | P value | ||
2,097 | 1,536 | 561 | |||
Sex | Male | 931 (44.4) | 677 (44.1) | 254 (45.3) | 0.624 |
Female | 1,166 (55.6) | 859 (55.9) | 307 (54.7) | ||
Age | < 65 | 826 (39.4) | 613 (39.9) | 213 (38.0) | 0.421 |
≥ 65 | 1,271 (60.6) | 923 (60.1) | 348 (62.0) | ||
Body mass indexa | ≥ 18.5, < 25 | 1,264 (60.3) | 947 (61.7) | 317 (56.5) | 0.183 |
< 18.5 | 38 (1.8) | 27 (1.8) | 11 (2.0) | ||
≥ 25 | 720 (34.3) | 511 (33.3) | 209 (37.3) | ||
Living area | Ogatsu | 879 (41.9) | 642 (41.8) | 237 (42.2) | 0.698 |
Oshika | 750 (35.8) | 544 (35.4) | 206 (36.7) | ||
Ajishima | 141 (6.7) | 109 (7.1) | 32 (5.7) | ||
Wakabayashi | 327 (15.6) | 241 (15.7) | 86 (15.3) | ||
Smoking habitsa | Non-smoker | 1,687 (80.4) | 1,256 (81.8) | 431 (76.8) | 0.015 |
Smoker | 334 (15.9) | 233 (15.2) | 101 (18.0) | ||
Drinking habitsa | 0 g of alcohol/day | 1,317 (62.8) | 988 (64.3) | 329 (58.6) | 0.031 |
< 45.6 g of alcohol/dayb | 442 (21.1) | 300 (19.5) | 142 (25.3) | ||
≥ 45.6 g of alcohol/dayb | 165 (7.9) | 119 (7.7) | 46 (8.2) | ||
Comorbid conditions | Hypertension | 902 (43.0) | 624 (40.6) | 278 (49.6) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 224 (10.7) | 155 (10.1) | 69 (12.3) | 0.147 | |
Myocardial infarction | 140 (6.7) | 81 (5.3) | 59 (10.5) | < 0.001 | |
Cerebral stroke | 35 (1.7) | 26 (1.7) | 9 (1.6) | 0.889 | |
Working statusa | Unemployed | 1,061 (50.6) | 776 (50.5) | 285 (50.8) | 0.518 |
Employed | 982 (46.8) | 724 (47.1) | 258 (46.0) | ||
Walking time/daya | ≥ 1 h | 604 (28.8) | 446 (29.0) | 158 (28.2) | 0.064 |
30 min to < 1 h | 763 (36.4) | 579 (37.7) | 184 (32.8) | ||
< 30 m | 701 (33.4) | 489 (31.8) | 212 (37.8) | ||
Living statusa | Same house as before the GEJE | 682 (32.5) | 492 (32.0) | 190 (33.9) | 0.651 |
Prefabricated house | 86 (4.1) | 60 (3.9) | 26 (4.6) | ||
New house | 655 (31.2) | 493 (32.1) | 162 (28.9) | ||
Others | 647 (30.9) | 472 (30.7) | 175 (31.2) | ||
Economic conditiona | Fair | 1,040 (49.6) | 812 (52.9) | 228 (40.6) | < 0.001 |
Poor | 497 (23.7) | 368 (24.0) | 129 (23.0) | ||
Poorer | 327 (15.6) | 200 (13.0) | 127 (22.6) | ||
Poorest | 195 (9.3) | 125 (8.1) | 70 (12.5) | ||
Psychological distressa | Absence | 1,801 (85.9) | 1,357 (88.3) | 444 (79.1) | < 0.001 |
Presence | 261 (12.4) | 152 (9.9) | 109 (19.4) | ||
Social isolationa | Absence | 1,480 (70.6) | 1,106 (72.0) | 374 (66.7) | 0.047 |
Presence | 616 (29.4) | 429 (27.9) | 187 (33.3) |