Factor affecting the discrepancy in the coronal alignment of the lower limb between the standing and supine radiographs

Table 2 Comparison of radiographic parameters measured on full-length radiographs of the lower limb taken in the standing and supine status

Variables^a	Full-length standing radiograph^b	Full-length supine radiograph^b	P Value^c
Hip-knee-ankle angle, °	5.2 ± 4.0	4.3 ± 3.6	< 0.001
Limb alignment
Varus/ Neutral/ Valgus	118/ 27/ 2	107/ 38/ 2	0.056
Medial proximal tibial angle, °	86.0 ± 2.1	85.7 ± 2.3	0.083
Lateral distal femoral angle, °	88.1 ± 2.0	88.3 ± 2.0	< 0.001
Joint line convergence angle, °	3.2 ± 2.4	1.1 ± 1.9	< 0.001
Kellgren-Lawrence grade
0/ 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 (observer 1)	44/ 37/ 23/ 25/ 18	43/ 40/ 28/ 23/ 13	0.007
0/ 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 (observer 2)	30/ 44/ 26/ 20/ 27	31/ 44/ 31/ 18/ 23	0.023

^a The average value of the observers’ measurements was used for continuous variables, and each measurement value of observers was used separately for categorical variables
^b Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or number of limbs
^c Paired t test was used for continuous variables, and McNemar-Bowker’s test was used for categorical variables

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