Clinical and radiologic outcomes of biportal endoscopic lumbar discectomy in obese patients: a retrospective case-control study

Table 3 Additional outcomes

Characteristic	Non-obese (n = 86)	Obese (n = 29)	p-value
Operative time (minutes)	74.0 ± 30.2	81.7 ± 29.9	0.23
Length of hospital stay (days)	6.1 ± 4.0	5.0 ± 2.0	0.19
Drainage (mL)	69.7 ± 108.2	78.8 ± 93.6	0.69
Postoperative day 1 CPK	181.23 ± 193.01	204.88 ± 164.75	0.58
CPK ratio^*	1.54 ± 1.17	1.32 ± 0.56	0.36
Complications during surgery^†
Incidental durotomy	2 (2.3)	2 (6.9)	0.245
Facet injury	3 (3.5)	0 (0.0)	0.308
Surgery on the wrong level	0 (0.0)	1 (3.4)	0.084
Complications during follow-up^§
Asymptomatic hematoma	13 (15.1)	2 (6.9)	0.256
Residual herniated disc	41 (47.7)	13 (44.8)	0.791
Surgical site infection	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.416
Recurrent disc herniation resulting in reoperation	5 (5.8)	0 (0.0)	0.184
Recurrent disc herniation not requiring reoperation	10 (11.6)	6 (20.7)	0.223

Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical data are presented as number of patients (percentages). ^*CPK ratio = postoperative day 1 CPK/preoperative CPK. ^†Complications that occurred during surgery that were confirmed during or immediately after surgery. ^§Complications not identified until the final follow-up after surgery. CPK creatine phosphokinase

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