From: Risk factors for failed back surgery syndrome following open posterior lumbar surgery for degenerative lumbar disease
FBSS + (n = 56)
FBSS-(n = 277)
P value
HIZ(Yes/No)
29/12
185/35
0.041
Modic changes(Yes/No)
16/25
190/87
 < 0.001
Pre-op LL (°)
31.1 ± 13.1
31.7 ± 13.9
0.608
Pre-op SL (°)
15.9 ± 9.2
15.5 ± 9.4
0.951