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Table 2 Difference of outcomes at different time points between groups(x ± s)

From: Combined arthroscopic release with corticosteroid hydrodilatation versus corticosteroid hydrodilatation only in treating freezing-phase primary frozen shoulder: a randomized clinical trial

Outcomes

0 week

1 week

4 weeks

12 weeks

24 weeks

1 year

pAB, deg

 Group A

69.6 ± 18.2

123.7 ± 24.9

144.0 ± 22.8

159.0 ± 15.6

169.6 ± 9.8

170.5 ± 27.8bd

 Group B

66.9 ± 22.1

71.7 ± 21.4ac

87.6 ± 17.4a

106.4 ± 21.5a

129.1 ± 14.4a

165.5 ± 11.6b

pFL, deg

 Group A

82.8 ± 10.6

126.8 ± 20.3

150.8 ± 18.9

167.8 ± 9.9

174.0 ± 7.8

175.9 ± 5.5bd

 Group B

83.2 ± 11.5

90.0 ± 11.3a

105.0 ± 14.3a

121.4 ± 27.8a

140.1 ± 19.7a

168.2 ± 9.2ab

pER, deg

 Group A

9.0 ± 5.3

25.4 ± 7.1

35.0 ± 8.1

44.0 ± 9.3

51.0 ± 7.1

53.9 ± 6.0bd

 Group B

10.1 ± 4.6

12.2 ± 4.4ac

18.9 ± 5.6a

26.0 ± 5.7a

35.5 ± 9.2a

52.3 ± 7.4b

pIR, deg

 Group A

17.7 ± 0.6

15.5 ± 1.1

14.3 ± 1.1

12.0 ± 1.8

9.1 ± 1.0

8.4 ± 0.7b

 Group B

17.6 ± 0.7

17.5 ± 0.8ac

16.0 ± 1.4a

14.3 ± 1.2a

13.1 ± 1.5a

9.5 ± 1.3ab

VAS

 Group A

7.7 ± 0.8

3.9 ± 1.1

2.7 ± 1.4

0.9 ± 1.2 d

0.5 ± 0.6

0.1 ± 0.3b

 Group B

7.7 ± 1.0

4.6 ± 1.6

2.7 ± 1.4

1.2 ± 1.0

0.5 ± 0.7

0.2 ± 0.4b

UCLA

 Group A

10.0 ± 1.9

  

26.8 ± 3.8

32.7 ± 2.0

34.5 ± 0.8b

 Group B

10.9 ± 1.6

  

22.3 ± 3.4a

26.3 ± 3.6a

32.1 ± 2.3ab

DASH

 Group A

34.4 ± 2.9

  

14.2 ± 2.0

9.8 ± 1.5

1.7 ± 1.5b

 Group B

35.2 ± 2.5

  

22.5 ± 3.1a

17.5 ± 3.5a

8.8 ± 2.8ab

  1. pAB Passive abduction, pFL Passive forward flexion, pER Passive external rotation, pIR Passive internal rotation
  2. a indicate significant difference between group A and group B
  3. b indicate significant difference within the group along with the time points
  4. c indicate no significant difference compared with 0 weeks within the group
  5. d indicate no significant difference compared with 24 weeks within the group