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Table 3 Comparison of foot morphology and motor function in participants with and without hallux valgus

From: Relationship between foot morphology, muscle strength, and physical performance test in women aged 65 years and older: a cross-sectional study

 

HV, n = 57

No HV, n = 76

p-value

HV angle: degree

24.4 ± 6.6 (16.5 – 41.4)

8.7 ± 4.0 (0 – 15.4)

< 0.001

Arch height ratio: cm/cm*100

15.4 ± 2.4

17.3 ± 2.6

< 0.001

HFA: degree

3.4 ± 3.5

1.1 ± 2.6

< 0.001

Toe flexor strength: kgf/wb*100

20.1 ± 9.0

20.4 ± 8.2

0.860

Ankle plantar flexion strength: kgf/wb*100

17.5 ± 6.7

19.7 ± 7.0

0.016

5R-STS: seconds

9.0 ± 3.0

9.8 ± 2.9

0.032

OLST: seconds

33.4 ± 22.8

34.8 ± 23.9

0.462

MSL: cm/cm *100

63.0 ± 8.8

62.1 ± 8.7

0.566

FR: cm/cm *100

19.4 ± 3.4

20.8 ± 3.3

0.014

Walking time: seconds

2.9 ± 0.6

3.1 ± 0.7

0.206

  1. Abbreviations: HV hallux valgus, HFA heel-floor angle, 5R-STS five-repetition sit-to-stand, OLST one-leg standing time, MSL maximal step length, FR functional reach test