Table 1 Material properties of the thoracolumbar spine model and internal fixation
Structure | Young’s modulus (MPa) | Poisson’s ratio | Cross-section area (mm2) |
|---|---|---|---|
Vertebrae | |||
Cancellous bone | 100 | 0.2 | |
Cortical bone | 12,000 | 0.3 | |
Posterior elements | 3500 | 0.25 | |
Disc | |||
Annulus | 4.2 | 0.45 | |
Nucleus | 0.2 | 0.49 | |
Facet | 11 | 0.2 | |
Ligaments | |||
ALL | 7 | 63.7 | |
PLL | 7 | 20 | |
LF | 3 | 40 | |
ITL | 7 | 1.8 | |
CL | 4 | 30 | |
ISL | 6 | 40 | |
SSL | 6.6 | 30 | |
Pedicle screw、 rod fixation and Mesh cage | 110,000 | 0.3 | |
3D printed prosthesis | 675 | 0.3 | |
Bone graft | 100 | 0.2 | |