Table 5 The OR (95% CI) of related factors for shoulder WMSD among participants in 15 industries

Animal husbandry

Repeated operation numerous times per minute

No

1.00

Yes

2.01

1.03

3.91

Feeling cold, wind or temperature change at work

No

1.00

Yes

2.74

1.18

6.39

Shipbuilding

Gender

Male

1.00

Female

1.79

1.36

2.35

Age

1.08

1.05

1.12

Physical activity

No

1.00

occasional

1.71

1.10

2.66

2-3 times/month

1.81

1.18

2.77

1-2 times/week

2.22

1.22

4.02

> 2 times/week

1.95

1.15

3.30

Perceived health status

perfect

1.00

fine

1.91

1.59

2.31

poor

3.30

2.23

4.90

very poor

2.02

0.76

5.37

Heavy physical labor with the upper limbs or hands

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.19

0.84

1.69

often

1.41

1.00

1.99

frequent

2.24

1.55

3.24

Uncomfortable posture

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.24

0.98

1.57

often

1.87

1.39

2.51

frequent

2.37

1.60

3.51

Do the same work almost every day

No

1.00

Yes

1.55

1.15

2.08

Feeling cold, wind or temperature change at work

No

1.00

Yes

1.33

1.07

1.65

Enough rest time

No

1.00

Yes

0.72

0.59

0.87

Self-decision when to start and finish work

No

1.00

Yes

0.78

0.61

0.99

Electronic equipment manufacturing

Gender

Male

1.00

Female

2.22

1.91

2.58

Age

1.11

1.09

1.14

Length of employment (years)

< 2

1.00

2 ~ 6

1.13

0.94

1.36

7 ~ 11

1.56

1.16

2.10

≥12

1.76

1.09

2.85

Perceived health status

perfect

1.00

fine

1.92

1.68

2.20

poor

2.74

2.11

3.57

very poor

3.82

1.98

7.36

Sitting for a long time

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.43

1.18

1.73

often

2.80

2.28

3.44

frequent

3.73

2.91

4.77

Lifting object weighing more than 5 kg

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.18

1.01

1.38

often

1.70

1.37

2.11

frequent

1.34

0.97

1.84

Heavy physical labor with the upper limbs or hands

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.19

1.00

1.43

often

1.35

1.12

1.63

frequent

1.82

1.46

2.28

Uncomfortable posture

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.47

1.27

1.70

often

2.26

1.75

2.93

frequent

2.65

1.78

3.94

Repeated operation numerous times per minute

No

1.00

Yes

1.70

1.48

1.94

Take turns with coworkers

No

1.00

Yes

0.80

0.70

0.90

Enough rest time

No

1.00

Yes

0.63

0.56

0.72

Furniture manufacturing

Gender

Male

1.00

Female

1.32

1.09

1.59

Age

0.97

0.94

0.99

Education

junior high school

1.00

senior high school

1.23

1.04

1.47

Junior College

1.62

1.21

2.18

bachelor degree or above

1.84

1.15

2.93

Perceived health status

perfect

1.00

fine

2.02

1.73

2.37

poor

3.01

2.15

4.22

very poor

1.44

0.70

2.94

Heavy physical labor with the upper limbs or hands

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.10

0.78

1.56

often

1.17

0.83

1.63

frequent

1.57

1.09

2.25

Uncomfortable posture

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.55

1.30

1.85

often

2.60

1.98

3.43

frequent

2.14

1.43

3.19

Repeated operation numerous times per minute

No

1.00

Yes

1.34

1.12

1.60

Do the same work almost every day

No

1.00

Yes

1.87

1.35

2.59

Outdoors

No

1.00

Yes

0.58

0.37

0.92

Deal with customers, patients and the public

No

1.00

Yes

1.48

1.06

2.06

Feeling cold, wind or temperature change at work

No

1.00

Yes

1.21

1.00

1.45

Enough rest time

No

1.00

Yes

0.69

0.58

0.81

Shortage of staff in the work department

No

1.00

Yes

1.25

1.05

1.48

Construction

Gender

Male

1.00

Female

2.43

1.34

4.40

Age

1.09

1.02

1.16

Lifting object weighing more than 5 kg

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.24

0.66

2.32

often

4.05

2.03

8.08

frequent

3.50

1.52

8.06

Heavy physical labor with the upper limbs or hands

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

2.41

1.07

5.43

often

2.92

1.27

6.73

frequent

2.96

1.17

7.47

Uncomfortable posture

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

2.47

1.53

4.00

often

2.66

1.39

5.09

frequent

3.67

0.99

13.56

Enough rest time

No

1.00

Yes

0.66

0.44

0.97

Substitute for colleagues

No

1.00

Yes

2.03

1.27

3.26

Coal mining and washing industry

Gender

Male

1.00

Female

2.37

1.25

4.51

Perceived health status

perfect

1.00

fine

1.84

1.38

2.45

poor

2.90

1.87

4.50

very poor

4.71

1.94

11.40

Feeling cold, wind or temperature change at work

No

1.00

Yes

1.76

1.29

2.40

Often work overtime

No

1.00

Yes

1.38

1.03

1.85

Shortage of staff in the work department

No

1.00

Yes

1.42

1.07

1.87

Aviation services

Gender

Male

1.00

Female

3.10

1.97

4.88

Perceived health status

perfect

1.00

fine

2.44

1.59

3.74

poor

3.25

1.93

5.49

very poor

3.55

1.41

8.95

Uncomfortable posture

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

2.11

1.43

3.11

often

2.16

1.36

3.43

frequent

4.55

2.50

8.26

Automobile 4S workplaces

Age

1.04

1.01

1.08

Uncomfortable posture

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.94

1.00

3.76

often

3.27

1.46

7.33

frequent

3.69

1.27

10.69

Enough rest time

No

1.00

Yes

0.44

0.26

0.75

Shortage of staff in the work department

No

1.00

Yes

1.87

1.13

3.08

Automobile manufacturing

Gender

Male

1.00

Female

2.11

1.86

2.41

Age

1.03

1.02

1.05

Length of employment (years)

< 2

1.00

2 ~ 6

1.39

1.26

1.54

7 ~ 11

1.54

1.33

1.78

≥12

1.61

1.30

1.98

Education

junior high school

1.00

senior high school

0.98

0.85

1.12

Junior College

1.06

0.92

1.23

bachelor degree

1.38

1.13

1.67

master degree or above

1.67

1.10

2.53

Perceived health status

perfect

1.00

fine

1.67

1.56

1.80

poor

2.33

2.06

2.64

very poor

2.35

1.74

3.16

Lifting object weighing more than 5 kg

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.05

0.97

1.14

often

1.25

1.12

1.39

frequent

1.19

1.05

1.34

Sitting for a long time

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.02

0.93

1.12

often

1.59

1.40

1.80

frequent

1.50

1.30

1.74

Heavy physical labor with the upper limbs or hands

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.03

0.90

1.16

often

1.23

1.08

1.40

frequent

1.46

1.28

1.66

Uncomfortable posture

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.51

1.40

1.64

often

2.04

1.82

2.29

frequent

2.62

2.28

3.01

Repeated operation numerous times per minute

No

1.00

Yes

1.34

1.25

1.43

Do the same work almost every day

No

1.00

Yes

1.13

1.02

1.26

Take turns with coworkers

No

1.00

Yes

0.91

0.85

0.98

Outdoors

No

1.00

Yes

0.80

0.69

0.92

Deal with customers, patients and the public

No

1.00

Yes

1.19

1.04

1.37

Feeling cold, wind or temperature change at work

No

1.00

Yes

1.16

1.08

1.25

Often work overtime

No

1.00

Yes

1.29

1.20

1.40

Enough rest time

No

1.00

Yes

0.67

0.62

0.72

Shortage of staff in the work department

No

1.00

Yes

1.13

1.05

1.21

Biopharmaceutical manufacturing

Age

0.93

0.89

0.97

Petrochemical industry

Monthly income (RMB)

≤1000

1.00

1001 ~ 3000

0.02

0.00

0.29

3001 ~ 5000

0.04

0.00

0.72

Vegetable greenhouses

Gender

Male

1.00

Female

2.10

1.13

3.91

Toy manufacturing

Gender

Male

1.00

Female

1.98

1.02

3.83

Age

0.95

0.92

0.98

Take turns with coworkers

No

1.00

Yes

0.58

0.34

0.99

Perceived health status

perfect

1.00

fine

2.86

1.67

4.89

poor

2.61

0.59

11.60

Shortage of staff in the work department

No

1.00

Yes

2.34

1.26

4.37

Medical services

Gender

Male

1.00

Female

1.66

1.38

1.99

Age

0.98

0.96

1.00

Length of employment (years)

< 2

1.00

2 ~ 6

1.25

1.01

1.56

7 ~ 11

1.50

1.15

1.97

≥12

1.54

1.07

2.21

Perceived health status

perfect

1.00

fine

1.65

1.44

1.90

poor

2.50

2.04

3.06

very poor

2.07

1.32

3.24

Sitting for a long time

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.04

0.89

1.20

often

1.57

1.31

1.89

frequent

2.18

1.75

2.72

Heavy physical labor with the upper limbs or hands

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.11

0.92

1.34

often

1.29

1.07

1.56

frequent

1.36

1.11

1.66

Uncomfortable posture

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.75

1.52

2.02

often

2.76

2.30

3.32

frequent

3.01

2.33

3.90

Do the same work almost every day

No

1.00

Yes

1.33

1.07

1.66

Take turns with coworkers

No

1.00

Yes

0.83

0.73

0.94

Feeling cold, wind or temperature change at work

No

1.00

Yes

1.17

1.02

1.34

Often work overtime

No

1.00

Yes

1.22

1.08

1.37

Enough rest time

No

1.00

Yes

0.77

0.68

0.87

Shoemaking

Gender

Male

1.00

Female

1.73

1.48

2.03

Length of employment (years)

< 2

1.00

2 ~ 6

1.24

1.02

1.53

7 ~ 11

1.51

1.14

2.00

≥12

1.15

0.75

1.76

Education

junior high school

1.00

senior high school

1.22

1.05

1.41

Junior College

2.80

2.01

3.91

bachelor degree

3.34

1.77

6.32

Physical activity

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.18

1.04

1.34

often

1.25

0.90

1.73

frequent

1.38

1.07

1.77

Perceived health status

perfect

1.00

fine

1.88

1.67

2.12

poor

3.52

2.56

4.85

very poor

2.24

1.20

4.19

Standing for a long time

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.26

1.08

1.46

often

1.52

1.25

1.84

frequent

1.31

1.03

1.66

Sitting for a long time

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

0.88

0.74

1.05

often

1.34

1.11

1.62

frequent

1.63

1.31

2.04

Heavy physical labor with the upper limbs or hands

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.20

1.01

1.42

often

1.17

0.99

1.38

frequent

1.53

1.26

1.88

Uncomfortable posture

seldom/never

1.00

sometimes

1.43

1.23

1.67

often

1.93

1.47

2.54

frequent

2.21

1.49

3.28

Repeated operation numerous times per minute

No

1.00

Yes

1.26

1.10

1.44

Feeling cold, wind or temperature change at work

No

1.00

Yes

1.58

1.36

1.83

Enough rest time

No

1.00

Yes

0.67

0.59

0.76

Self-decision when to take a break

No

1.00

Yes

0.73

0.60

0.89