Primary outcome | Graded Activity (N = 58) | Supervised Exercise Therapy (N = 63) | Control (N = 59) | Group comparison | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GA vs Control | SET vs Control | GA vs SET | |||||||
M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | Mean difference (95% CI) | p value‡ | Mean difference (95% CI) | P value‡ | Mean difference (95% CI) | p value‡ | |
Pain (VAS; 0 = best, 100 = worst) | |||||||||
Baseline | 58.9 (11.6) | 58.5 (12.7) | 60.5 (14.7) | ||||||
Post-intervention | 36.4 (13.4) | 37.9 (16.8) | 59.0 (13.3) | ||||||
Sensitivity analysisa | −22.64 (−29.19 to −16.10) | < 0.0001 | − 21.08 (−27.52 to − 14.64) | < 0.0001 | −1.56 (−7.98 to 4.85) | 1.0000 | |||
Sensitivity analysisb | −19.94 (−25.14 to − 14.74) | < 0.0001 | −19.23 (− 24.32 to − 14.13) | < 0.0001 | −0.72 (−5.78 to 4.35) | 1.000 | |||
Effect size (95% CI)c | 1.70 (1.28 to 2.12) | 1.39 (0.99 to 1.79) | 0.10 (−0.25 to 0.46) | ||||||
3 month | 35.4 (14.1) | 41.9 (14.9) | 54.1 (11.1) | ||||||
Sensitivity analysisa | −18.73 (−24.78 to −12.68) | < 0.0001 | − 12.16 (− 18.11 to −6.21) | < 0.0001 | −6.57 (− 12.49 to − 0.64) | 0.024 | |||
Sensitivity analysisb | −16.85 (− 22.25 to − 11.44) | < 0.0001 | −10.87 (− 16.17 to − 5.57) | < 0.0001 | −5.98 (− 11.24 to − 0.71) | 0.020 | |||
Effect size (95% CI)c | 1.47 (1.06 to 1.88) | 0.93 (0.55 to 1.30) | 0.45 (0.09 to 0.81) | ||||||
6 month | 37.2 (12.3) | 43.8 (14.5) | 56.2 (13.4) | ||||||
Sensitivity analysisa | −19.00 (−25.02 to − 12.99) | < 0.0001 | −12.42 (− 18.34 to −6.50) | < 0.0001 | − 6.58 (− 12.47 to − 0.69) | 0.023 | |||
Sensitivity analysisb | −17.35 (− 22.89 to −11.81) | < 0.0001 | − 11.29 (−16.71 to −5.86) | < 0.0001 | − 6.06 (− 11.45 to − 0.68) | 0.022 | |||
Effect size (95% CI)c | 1.48 (1.07 to 1.89) | 0.89 (0.52 to 1.26) | 0.49 (0.13 to 0.85) |