Table 4 Associations of CLBP pain intensity and disability in the pre-pandemic vs. pandemic group
Disability | Pre-pandemic group (n = 2,088) | Pandemic group (n = 1,390) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Moderate Disability OR (95% CI) | High Disability OR (95% CI) | Moderate Disability OR (95% CI) | High Disability OR (95% CI) | |
Regular exercise | ||||
No exercise | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
2–4 h/week | 1.13 (0.76, 1.68) | 0.80 (0.54, 1.21) | 0.62 + (0.36, 1.08) | 0.42 * (0.22, 0.83) |
> 4 h/week | 0.71 (0.45, 1.13) | 0.57 * (0.36, 0.92) | 0.38 ** (0.20, 0.71) | 0.29 ** (0.13, 0.64) |
Sitting | ||||
Less than half of the day | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
At least ¾ of the day | 1.00 (0.71, 1.42) | 0.77 (0.53, 1.11) | 1.18 (0.80, 1.74) | 0.63 + (0.38, 1.03) |
Almost all day | 0.96 (0.64, 1.44) | 0.84 (0.55, 1.29) | 0.99 (0.63, 1.55) | 0.75 (0.43, 1.33) |
Mental health | ||||
PHQ-4 sum score | 1.16 *** (1.08, 1.24) | 1.42 *** (1.33, 1.52) | 1.35 *** (1.25, 1.46) | 1.73 *** (1.58, 1.90) |
Pain Intensity | Low intensity (base outcome) | High intensity OR (95% CI) | Low intensity (base outcome) | High intensity OR (95% CI) |
Regular exercise | ||||
No exercise | Reference | Reference | ||
2–4 h/week | 0.91 (0.67, 1.24) | 0.87 (0.54, 1.41) | ||
> 4 h/week | 0.65 * (0.45, 0.94) | 0.67 (0.38, 1.17) | ||
Sitting | ||||
Less than half of the day | Reference | Reference | ||
At least ¾ of the day | 0.96 (0.73, 1.27) | 1.04 (0.73, 1.48) | ||
Almost all day | 0.96 (0.69, 1.34) | 0.94 (0.63, 1.41) | ||
Mental health | ||||
PHQ-4 sum score | 1.22 *** (1.16, 1.28) | 1.36 *** (1.28, 1.46) | ||