A systematic review of chiropractic care for fall prevention: rationale, state of the evidence, and recommendations for future research

Table 3 Results from risk of bias assessment for RCTs (n = 13) and crossover studies (n = 3)

Author	Random sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of the participants	Blinding of outcome assessment - self-reported outcomes	Blinding of outcomes assessment - objective measures	Incomplete outcome data	Selective reporting	Other bias
*Hawk-2007* [158]	+	?	–	–	?	+	+	+
*Hawk-2009-Pilot* [159, 165]	?	NA	–	–	?	?	+	N/A
*Herzog-1991* [160]	?	–	–	–	–	+	+	–
*Holt-2016* [114]	+	+	–	?	+	+	+	N/A
*Kendall-2018* [63]	+	?	+	+	+	+	+	+
*Maiers − 2014* [161]	+	+	–	+	+	+	+	?
*Maiers-2018* [27]	+	+	–	+	+	?	?	?
*Malaya-2020* [171]	+	+	–	N/A	+	+	+	+
*Malaya-2021* [172]	+	?	–	N/A	+	+	+	+
*Palgrem-2009*	?	+	–	N/A	+	+	+	N/A
*Vining-2020* [46]	+	+	–	–	+	+	+	+
*Ward-2013* [162]	+	–	–	N/A	+	+	?	–
*Ward-2014* [133]	+	–	–	N/A	?	+	+	–

Bias assessment for the RCTs and crossover studies identified through the systematic search. Risk of bias assessment with 8 categories for each individual study

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