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Table 1 Effect of walking speeds on the PPG and PGA

From: Effects of walking speeds and durations on the plantar pressure gradient and pressure gradient angle

Parameter

Duration

Region

Speed

One-way

Fisher’s LSD

ANOVA

Post hoc

   

1.8 mph

(Mean ± SE)

3.6 mph

(Mean ± SE)

5.4 mph

(Mean ± SE)

p-value

1.8 mph

Vs 3.6 mph

1.8 mph Vs 5.4 mph

3.6 mph vs 5.4 mph

PPG

10 min

T1

53.0

 ± 

9.6

77.6

 ± 

11.6

98.7

 ± 

19.4

0.088

0.227

 

0.029

*

0.298

(kPa/mm)

 

M1

59.6

 ± 

10.2

73.9

 ± 

14.0

90.3

 ± 

15.5

0.284

0.456

 

0.116

 

0.395

  

M2

64.7

 ± 

9.8

70.7

 ± 

11.7

79.8

 ± 

15.7

0.699

0.740

 

0.404

 

0.613

  

HL

33.9

 ± 

4.7

42.6

 ± 

5.9

37.4

 ± 

5.4

0.522

0.260

 

0.646

 

0.501

 

20 min

T1

57.4

 ± 

10.4

79.8

 ± 

15.2

102.4

 ± 

16.0

0.093

0.270

 

0.031

*

0.265

  

M1

63.5

 ± 

11.4

93.2

 ± 

19.1

90.7

 ± 

12.2

0.294

0.160

 

0.196

 

0.907

  

M2

67.0

 ± 

7.7

81.8

 ± 

16.4

103.7

 ± 

17.0

0.206

0.469

 

0.079

 

0.289

  

HL

37.5

 ± 

4.4

67.8

 ± 

15.1

46.7

 ± 

8.6

0.120

0.046

*

0.531

 

0.158

PGA

10 min

T1

27.0

 ± 

9.2

16.4

 ± 

2.6

19.8

 ± 

11.4

0.677

0.391

 

0.557

 

0.784

(degree)

 

M1

60.0

 ± 

15.0

32.3

 ± 

7.3

32.4

 ± 

10.7

0.158

0.096

 

0.097

 

0.996

  

M2

49.3

 ± 

15.2

31.8

 ± 

10.4

29.6

 ± 

5.8

0.403

0.275

 

0.221

 

0.892

  

HL

28.1

 ± 

7.0

24.6

 ± 

2.5

19.3

 ± 

2.8

0.409

0.593

 

0.187

 

0.425

 

20 min

T1

39.8

 ± 

17.9

27.8

 ± 

10.5

41.5

 ± 

19.4

0.815

0.610

 

0.941

 

0.560

  

M1

59.2

 ± 

15.5

26.8

 ± 

8.1

26.1

 ± 

8.4

0.073

0.050

*

0.045

*

0.963

  

M2

69.0

 ± 

26.2

21.7

 ± 

7.2

27.9

 ± 

5.5

0.091

0.044

*

0.078

 

0.784

  

HL

17.7

 ± 

2.3

36.2

 ± 

14.2

28.6

 ± 

7.4

0.384

0.172

 

0.416

 

0.570

  1. PPG Peak pressure gradient, PGA Pressure gradient angle, T1 First toe, M1 First metatarsal head, M2 Second metatarsal head, and HL Heel; Data are shown as mean ± standard errors
  2. *, a significant difference (p < 0.05)