Fig. 1

Expression levels of the genes in the synovium. mRNA expression levels of each gene are represented as a ratio of intensity of each RT-PCR gene band to that of the corresponding GAPDH. The mean values of the samples from the three sites were determined. n = 10 for each group. Data are presented on a logarithmic y scale. * p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; the Brown Forsythe and the Welch ANOVA test. Abbreviation: SI, shoulder instability; FS, frozen shoulder; RCT, rotator cuff tear; MMP, matrix metalloprotease; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor-α; IGF1, insulin-like growth factor-1; TGFB1, transforming growth factor-β; NGF, nerve growth factor; NGFR, nerve growth factor receptor; COL1A1, α1 type I collagen; COL2A1, α1 type II collagen; ACTA2, actin alpha 2; SOX9, SRY-box transcription factor 9; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase