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Table 9 Description of the included systematic reviews; number of original studies included, population, intervention and control. Walking

From: Summarizing the effects of different exercise types in chronic low back pain – a systematic review of systematic reviews

Authors (year)

Number of RCT’s included in systematic review (SR) /meta-analyses (MA)

Population

Number of subjects, definition of LBP, pain duration, % women, age

Intervention

Descriptive

Control

Descriptive

Lawford et al. (2016) [68]

SR: 7

MA: 0

Number of subjects: 869

Definition: NR

Duration: > 3 mo

% Woman: NR

Age: range 42 to 56 yrs (mean)

Overland and treadmill walking

Training period: 4 to 12 wks, from 40 min every other day up to individually graded programs

Any non-pharmacological intervention: usual care (advice, manual therapy, and exercise), supervised exercise classes, strengthening exercises, and medical exercise therapy and conventional therapy

Training period: NR

Sitthipornvorakul et al. (2018) [69]

SR: 9

MA: 4–5

Number of subjects: 863

Definition: NR

Duration: > 3mo in 5 studies, in 3 NR

% Woman: NR

Age: ≥ 18 yrs

Overland and treadmill walking, alone and in addition to exercise

Training period: 6 wks to 12 mo, various durations and frequencies

Any non-pharmacological intervention (exercise, physical therapy, education)

Training period: NR

Vanti et al. (2019) [45]

SR: 5

MA: 5

Number of subjects: 329

Definition: NR

Duration: > 3 mo

% Woman: NR

Age: mean age from 28 to 48 yrs

Overland, treadmill, and Nordic walking, alone and in addition to exercise

Training period: 6 to 8 wks, various durations and frequencies

Exercises, education/advice, usual physiotherapy, manipulative therapy, active living, Nordic walking one instruction

Training period: Similar to intervention

  1. Abbreviations: min Minutes, mo Months, LBP Low Back Pain, NR Not reported, SD Standard deviation, yrs Years, wks Weeks