Table 21 Summary of findings and overall quality as assessed with GRADE
Outcome | Type of exercise (Intervention) | Phase | GRADE FACTORS | Overall quality (level of evidence) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study limitations | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Moderate/large effect size | Dose effect | ||||
PAIN | Aerobic exercise | + + + + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | Moderate quality (+ + +) |
Aquatic exercise | + + + + | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | Low quality (+ +) | |
Motor Control Exercises | + + + + | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Moderate quality (+ + +) | |
Pilates | + + + + | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Moderate quality (+ + +) | |
Resistance training | + + + + | - | - | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | Very low quality ( +) | |
Sling exercise | + + + + | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Moderate quality (+ + +) | |
Traditional Chinese Exercises (Tai Chi, Qigong) | + + + + | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Moderate quality (+ + +) | |
Walking | + + + + | - | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low quality (+ +) | |
Yoga | + + + + | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low quality (+ +) | |
DISABILITY | Aerobic exercise | + + + + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | Moderate quality (+ + +) |
Aquatic exercise | + + + + | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | Low quality (+ +) | |
Motor Control Exercises | + + + + | - | - | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low quality (+ +) | |
Pilates | + + + + | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low quality (+ +) | |
Resistance training | + + + + | - | - | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | Very low quality (+) | |
Sling exercise | + + + + | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low quality (+ +) | |
Traditional Chinese Exercises (Tai Chi, Qigong) | + + + + | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low quality (+ +) | |
Walking | + + + + | - | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low quality (+ +) | |
Yoga | + + + + | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low quality (+ +) | |