Increased shoulder pain across an exercise session and subsequent shoulder exercise: a prospective cohort study

Table 3 Linear mixed models for shoulder pain and subsequent exercise dose, taking fear-avoidance beliefs into account. The analyses were based on 1201 exercise sessions (with information on subsequent exercise dose) performed by 79 participants

Predictors	Number of repetitions			Progression level			Resistance level			Time until next session (days)
	Crude	Adjusted^a		Crude	Adjusted^a		Crude	Adjusted^a		Crude	Adjusted^a
	MD	MD	95% CI	MD	MD	95% CI	MD	MD	95% CI	MD	MD	95% CI
Change in shoulder pain (for a 1-cm increase in VAS)	− 0.7	− 1.3	− 3.4 to 0.9	− 0.1^b	-0.0	− 0.1 to 0.0	− 0.1^b	− 0.0	− 0.1 to 0.0	− 0.4	− 0.6	− 2.4 to 1.3
High FABQ-PA	− 2.3	− 5.7	− 28.5 to 17.1	0.1	0.1	− 0.2 to 0.4	0.1	0.1	− 0.3 to 0.5	0.3	0.0	− 0.8 to 0.8
Interaction between change in shoulder pain and high FABQ-PA		0.2	− 6.8 to 7.1		− 0.0	− 0.2 to 0.1		− 0.1	− 0.2 to 0.1		0.5	− 1.7 to 2.7

Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, FABQ-PA Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire – Physical Activity (dichotomized; low ≤ 14; high > 14).), MD Mean difference, VAS Visual Analogue Scale (0 [no pain] – 10 [worst imaginable pain])
^aAdjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, dominant-sided pain, baseline pain at rest, intervention group, days since start of intervention and session number with an interaction term between change in shoulder pain and fear-avoidance beliefs
bSignificant association (p < 0.05)

ISSN: 1471-2474