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Table 2 The mean difference and 95% confidence intervals of the intervertebral foramen area before and after spinal therapeutic exercise movements, including cervical flexion-extension, protrusion-retraction, and lateral flexion toward or away from the affected side. (* indicates with statistical difference)

From: Outcomes of active cervical therapeutic exercise on dynamic intervertebral foramen changes in neck pain patients with disc herniation

Level

Means Difference across Flexion

Lower limit of 95% CI

Upper limit of 95% CI

Means Difference across Extension

Lower limit of 95% CI

Upper limit of 95% CI

C2/3

8.67%*

3.52%

13.81%

−9.18%*

−18.50%

0.14%

C3/4

6.60%*

−0.46%

13.66%

−0.69%

−10.30%

8.92%

C4/5

2.87%

−6.66%

12.39%

−5.12%*

−13.30%

3.05%

C5/6

2.91%

−6.94%

12.76%

−1.58%

−10.67%

7.51%

C6/7

5.02%*

0.20%

9.84%

−4.59%

−15.47%

6.29%

 

Means Difference across Protrusion

Lower limit of 95% CI

Upper limit of 95% CI

Means Difference across Retraction

Lower limit of 95% CI

Upper limit of 95% CI

C2/3

−11.73%*

3.52%

13.81%

8.66%*

3.52%

13.81%

C3/4

−7.77%*

−16.60%

1.06%

5.28%*

1.07%

9.48%

C4/5

−9.13%*

−18.66%

0.40%

5.47%*

−0.50%

11.43%

C5/6

−10.39%

−19.26%

− 1.52%

3.82%*

−5.30%

12.93%

C6/7

−9.41%*

−15.78%

−3.04%

5.79%*

1.43%

10.15%

 

Means Difference across Lateral flexion toward

Lower limit of 95% CI

Upper limit of 95% CI

Means Difference across Lateral flexion away

Lower limit of 95% CI

Upper limit of 95% CI

C2/3

−6.55%*

3.52%

13.81%

6.73%*

3.52%

13.81%

C3/4

− 6.50%*

−13.32%

0.32%

6.78%*

0.23%

13.33%

C4/5

−5.50%*

−11.68%

0.67%

5.73%*

−1.58%

13.05%

C5/6

−4.81%*

−11.65%

2.03%

4.48%*

−1.27%

10.23%

C6/7

−5.52%

−9.49%

−1.55%

3.71%*

−4.77%

12.18%