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Table 3 Frequency of abnormal z-scores (≥ 2.0) of echogenicity values of painful shoulders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and patients without diabetes mellitus

From: Shoulder muscle changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have a painful shoulder: a quantitative muscle ultrasound study

 

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Patients without diabetes mellitus

Comparison between both patient groups

Z-score ≥ 2.0

n (%)

95% CI

n (%)

95% CI

P-value

Supraspinatus

17 (18.3)#

0.1, 0.3

4 (15.4)#

0.1, 0.4

0.374

Infraspinatus

33 (35.5) *

0.3, 0.5

5 (19.2) *

0.1, 0.4

0.126

Deltoid

30 (32.3) *

0.2, 0.4

7 (26.9) *

0.1, 0.5

0.667

Biceps brachii

33 (35.5) *

0.3, 0.5

7 (26.9) *

0.1, 0.5

0.443

  1. * P-value < 0.01 when compared to reference (healthy participants)
  2. # P-value < 0.05 when compared to reference (healthy participants)