From: Evaluating the diagnostic pathway for acute ACL injuries in trauma centres: a systematic review
AIM | TEST | INDEX TEST | REFERENCE STANDARD |
---|---|---|---|
Laxity | Lachman’s | (7, 9) | [9] |
INSTABILITY’ | – | – | |
Lever sign | – | – | |
Pivot shift | (7, 9) | [9] | |
Anterior drawer | (7, 9) | [9] | |
KT1000 | – | – | |
Range of movement | Active range of movement | (7) | – |
Passive range of movement | – | – | |
Swelling | Time delay swelling | (9) | – |
Joint effusion | (7, 9) | [9] | |
Functional ability | Weight bare | – | – |
Inability to continue activity | (9) | – | |
Gait | – | – | |
Pain | Palpation | (7) | – |
Temperature | (7) | – | |
Joint line tenderness | (7) | – | |
Pain | – | – | |
Imaging | X-RAY | (9) | [9] |
Ultrasound | (17) | – | |
CT | – | – | |
MRI | – | ||
Subjective assessment | Mechanism of Injury | – | – |
Lysholms functional score | – | – | |
Locking | – | – | |
Unspecified clinical history | (3, 6) | – | |
Clicking | – | – | |
Giving way | (9) | – | |
Popping sound | (9) | – | |
Limp index | (3, 9) | – | |
Unspecified assessment | Unspecified clinical assessment | (6, 17) | [3] |
Physicians’ agreement | – | – | |
Unspecified | (12) | ||
Orthopaedic surgeon exam | – | – | |
Surgery | Anaesthetic eval | – | – |
Arthroscopy | – |