A guide for standardized interpretation of lumbar multifidus ultrasonography; an observational study

Table 1 Measurements of cross-sectional area and maximal depths of lumbar multifidus and erector spinae

		LM CSA	LM depth	LM CSA	LM depth	ES CSA	ES CSA
Level	LM	L (mm²)	L (mm)	R (mm²)	R (mm)	L (mm²⁾	R (mm²)	Ratio^a
PSIS	A	370	21	480	25	-	-	-
Caudal body L5	B	735	36	651	35	336	254	2:1
Sp. Proc L5; cranial body L5	C	779	41	824	43	651	611	3:2
Disc L4-5	D	918	53	918	52	1017	1069	1:1
Sp proc L4; caudal body L4	E	942	56	967	57	1176	1176	0.8:1
Sp proc L3-L4; cranial body L4	F	735	43	752	42	1405	1345	1:2
Sp proc L3; caudal body L3	G	651	48	692	45	1527	1786	1:2.5
Cranial body L3	H	280	27	322	31	2139	2213	1:8

LM levels A-H reflect figures depicted in Fig. 1
^aRefers to estimated LM:ES ratio; L Left, R Right, LM Lumbar Multifidus, ES Erector spinae, CSA Cross sectional area, Sp proc Spinous Process

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