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Table 1 Brooker's classification of HO after TKA in 1986

From: Heterotopic ossification after alloplastic temporomandibular joint replacement: a case cohort study

Classification

Description

Grade I

Islands of bone within the soft tissues about the hip

Grade II

Bone spurs from the pelvis or proximal end of the femur, leaving at least 1 cm between opposing bone surfaces

Grade III

Bone spurs originating from the pelvis or proximal end of the femur, reducing the space between opposing bone surfaces to less than 1 cm

Grade IV

Apparent bone ankylosis of the hip

  1. HO heterotopic ossification, TKA total knee arthroplasty