Skip to main content

Table 5 Multivariate linear mixed models between weekly PRO and passive data in the overall sample

From: Smartphone-based behavioral monitoring and patient-reported outcomes in adults with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease

Weekly:

Pain

Global

HAQ-II

PAS-II

Age (yrs)

0.03 (− 0.01–0.07)

   

Income (USD)

0.00* (0.00–0.00)

 

− 0.00 (− 0.00–0.00)

(0.00–0.00)

Educational level (yrs)

−0.14 (− 0.33–0.05)

   

N. of persons in household

− 0.34* (− 0.58 - -0.10)

  

− 0.18* (− 0.34 - -0.03)

RD Coindex

 

− 0.05 (− 0.13–0.02)

− 0.02* (− 0.03 - -0.00)

− 0.04 (− 0.09–0.01)

Male Sex

1.38 (− 0.02–2.77)

1.44* (0.16–2.72)

0.38* (0.04–0.72)

1.18* (0.21–2.16)

White

  

−0.30 (− 0.66–0.07)

 

Married

−0.90 (− 1.93–0.13)

−0.78 (− 1.67–0.12)

−0.08

− 0.51 (− 1.21–0.20)

Employed

  

(− 0.16–0.00)

 

Medicare

   

0.38* (0.04–0.71)

Initiation (2- second cohort; 1- first cohort)

− 0.60 (− 1.48–0.27)

 

− 0.16 (− 0.38–0.06)

 

Phase (II vs I)

−0.40* (− 0.69 - -0.12)

−0.50* (− 0.77–0.22)

−0.02 (− 0.08–0.03)

−0.33* (− 0.51 - -0.15)

MA7 Ln (Mobility)

0.03 (− 0.00–0.06)

0.04* (0.01–0.08)

0.01* (0.01–0.02)

0.02 (− 0.00–0.04)

MA7 Ln (Mobility radius)

  

−0.00* (− 0.01 - -0.00)

 

MA7 Ln (SMS length /SMS)

−0.08 (− 0.17–0.01)

 

−0.02* (− 0.03 - -0.00)

−0.06* (− 0.11 - -0.00)

MA7 Ln (Call duration min /call)

− 0.04 (− 0.08–0.00)

   

MA7 Ln (Interaction diversity)

0.16* (0.07–0.24)

0.11* (0.02–0.20)

0.02* (0.01–0.04)

0.09* (0.04–0.15)

MA7 Ln (Missed interaction)

  

−0.01 (− 0.01–0.00)

 

Time in the study (days)

−0.00* (− 0.01 - − 0.00)

−0.00 (− 0.00–0.00)

−0.00 (− 0.00–0.00)

-0.00* (− 0.00 - -0.00)

Time2 (days2)

0.00* (0.00–0.00)

0.00 (− 0.00–0.00)

0.00* (0.00–0.00)

0.00* (0.00–0.00)

Ln (reaction)

0.01* (0.00–0.03)

0.01 (− 0.00–0.03)

0.00 (− 0.00–0.00)

0.01* (0.00–0.02)

Workdays (vs. weekends)

  

0.01* (0.00–0.02)

0.02 (− 0.03–0.07)

Season (winter ref.)

    

Spring

− 0.39* (− 0.59 - -0.19)

−0.36* (− 0.57 - -0.16)

0.06* (0.02–0.09)

−0.12* (− 0.24–0.01)

Summer

−0.15 (− 0.40–0.10)

−0.22 (− 0.47–0.05)

0.05* (− 0.48–0.04)

−0.00 (0.00–0.10)

Fall

−0.61* (− 0.94 - -0.29)

−0.26

− 0.19*

−0.24*

(−0.60–0.07)

(−0.26 - -0.13)

(− 0.44 - -0.03)

Region (SE ref.)

    

NE

−1.34 (−2.83–0.15)

−0.60

0.08

−0.42

(−2.03–0.82)

(− 0.29–0.45)

(−1.49–0.64)

M

−0.57 (− 1.61–0.48)

0.08

0.06

0.04

(−0.91–1.07)

(−0.19–0.32)

(−0.70–0.79)

West

−0.54 (− 1.73–0.65)

−0.64

0.10

−0.10

(−1.76–0.48)

(− 0.20–0.40)

(−0.94–0.74)

Season#Region (South ref.)

    

Spring#NE

0.59* (0.25–0.92)

0.89* (0.55–1.24)

0.04 (−0.02–0.10)

0.33* (0.12–0.54)

Spring#M

0.31* (0.07–0.56)

0.26* (0.01–0.51)

0.01 (−0.03–0.06)

0.09 (− 0.07–0.24)

Spring#W

0.36* (0.10 -– 0.63)

0.34* (0.07 -– 0.61)

−0.12* (− 0.17 - -0.07)

−0.00 (− 0.17 -– 0.16)

Summer#NE

0.68* (0.26–1.09)

0.78* (0.35–1.20)

−0.00 (− 0.08–0.08)

0.31* (0.05–0.56)

Summer#M

0.37* (0.05–0.69)

0.26 (−0.06–0.59)

0.04 (− 0.02–0.10)

0.13 (−0.07–0.33)

Summer#W

0.36* (0.02–0.70)

0.22 (− 0.13–0.56)

− 0.09* (− 0.15 - -0.02)

−0.03 (− 0.24–0.18)

Fall#NE

0.77* (0.16–1.38)

0.41 (− 0.21–1.04)

0.23* (0.12–0.35)

0.28 (−0.10–0.65)

Fall#M

0.82* (0.40–1.24)

0.49* (0.06–0.92)

0.24* (0.16–0.32)

0.27* (0.01–0.53)

Fall#W

0.71* (0.31–1.11)

0.56* (0.15–0.97)

0.11* (0.04–0.19)

0.25* (0.01–0.50)

RA

− 0.79* (− 1.73–0.15)

−0.68 (− 1.58–0.21)

 

−0.44 (−1.11–0.24)

Fib

3.03* (1.07–4.99)

2.50* (0.69–4.31)

0.42 (− 0.03–0.88)

2.19* (0.81–3.56)

Constant

7.74* (3.47–12.00)

4.81* (3.61–6.00)

1.49* (0.93–2.05)

3.72* (2.73–4.71)

Observations

5806

5806

5806

5806

Number of participants

121

121

121

121

  1. 95% confidence intervals in parentheses
  2. *p < 0.05
  3. HAQ-II Health Assessment Questionnaire II; PAS-II Physical Activity Scale II; PRO Patient reported outcome; RD Rheumatic disease; USD United States Dollars; MA7 Ln Moving average over 7 days of the natural log of (variable); Ln Natural log; NE Northeast; M Midwest; W West; RA Rheumatoid Arthritis; Fib Fibromyalgia