Probability for surgical treatment in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis according to the stenotic lesion severity: a 5–10-year follow-up study

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of risk factors of surgical treatment

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
Age (years)	1.03(1.02–1.04)	< 0.001		0.197
Sex (male)	0.99 (0.78–1.27)	0.959
Maximum grade of central stenosis		< 0.001		< 0.001
Grade 1^a	1.79 (1.19–2.69)	0.006	1.79 (1.18–2.71)	0.006
Grade 2^a	2.34 (1.62–3.37)	< 0.001	2.21 (1.52–3.20)	< 0.001
Grade 3^a	6.74 (4.95–9.17)	< 0.001	6.26 (4.59–8.56)	< 0.001
Maximum grade of foraminal stenosis		< 0.001		< 0.001
Grade 1^a	1.31 (0.96–1.77)	0.085	1.25 (0.91–1.73)	0.174
Grade 2^a	2.47 (1.74–3.51)	< 0.001	2.22 (1.52–3.24)	< 0.001
Grade 3^a	2.59 (1.87–3.57)	< 0.001	2.12 (1.50–3.00)	< 0.001
The number of central stenotic levels		< 0.001		0.150
1^b	3.72 (2.72–5.09)	< 0.001		0.011
2^b	3.64 (2.59–5.13)	< 0.001		0.228
3^b	4.40 (2.89–6.70)	< 0.001		0.282
4^b	4.47 (2.34–8.55)	< 0.001		0.566
5^b	2.98 (0.82–10.79)	0.096		0.199
The number of foraminal stenotic levels		< 0.001		0.407
1^b	1.77 (1.34–2.35)	< 0.001		0.144
2^b	1.99 (1.44–2.74)	< 0.001		0.374
3^b	2.40 (1.47–3.94)	0.001		0.462
4^b	3.01 (1.14–7.96)	0.026		0.775
5^b	0.89 (0.09–8.65)	0.922

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