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Table 2 Results of the asymmetry period

From: Loudness affects motion: asymmetric volume of auditory feedback results in asymmetric gait in healthy young adults

 

RQ

LQ

v

s

v*p

s*p

s*v

v*p*s

left

right

left

right

p

p

p

p

p

p

Stride length

 G1

1.000 ± 0.022

0.996 ± 0.026

0.768

–

0.883

–

–

–

 G2

1.003 ± 0.019

1.002 ± 0.019

Step length

 G1

1.002 ± 0.035

0.997 ± 0.033

0.992 ± 0.033

1.002 ± 0.041

0.970

0.226

0.435

0.287

0.806

0.178

 G2

0.988 ± 0.047

1.016 ± 0.044

0.997 ± 0.037

1.016 ± 0.042

Step width

 G1

1.048 ± 0.311

1.027 ± 0.281

0.314

–

0.641

–

–

–

 G2

1.026 ± 0.350

0.963 ± 0.225

Gait direction

 G1

0.47° ± 3.61°

−0.25 ± 3.44°

0.245

–

0.455

–

–

–

 G2

0.58° ± 2.08°

0.43 ± 1.52°

Stride duration

 G1

1.001 ± 0.020

1.002 ± 0.022

0.594

–

0.983

–

–

–

 G2

1.002 ± 0.015

1.004 ± 0.013

Step duration

 G1

1.008 ± 0.049

0.974 ± 0.064

0.990 ± 0.041

0.993 ± 0.050

0.400

0.930

0.357

0.239

0.318

0.286

 G2

0.998 ± 0.038

1.014 ± 0.065

0.993 ± 0.025

1.006 ± 0.033

Ground contact time

 G1

0.978 ± 0.026

1.012 ± 0.044

1.004 ± 0.045

1.007 ± 0.042

0.098

0.541

0.373

0.206

0.033*

0.084

 G2

0.997 ± 0.037

0.995 ± 0.036

1.004 ± 0.024

0.997 ± 0.022

Gait speed

 G1

0.993 ± 0.029

0.992 ± 0.038

0.617

–

0.747

–

–

–

 G2

1.004 ± 0.034

0.999 ± 0.028

Cadence

 G1

1.003 ± 0.049

1.005 ± 0.073

0.968

–

0.748

–

–

–

 G2

1.002 ± 0.021

1.000 ± 0.013

  1. Values are mean ± standard deviation. Gait direction is the difference of right quiet (RQ) and left quiet (LQ) to the baseline setting. All other parameters are RQ and LQ relative to the baseline setting. The p-values of the statistical analysis (ANOVA) are given in the right table section. The factors volume (v), side (s), the interaction volume*pitch (v*p), side*pitch (s*p), side*volume (s*v), and volume*pitch*side (v*p*s) were analyzed. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05. Significant differences are marked with a*