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Table 4 Baseline balance assessment on the Leonardo Mechanograph® for follow-up fallers and non-fallers, n = 238

From: Balance and prospective falls in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

   

Non-Fallers

Fallers

 

Test position

Variables

Quartile range

n

%

n

%

p-value*

Romberg

PLen [in mm]

 ≤ 134.81

Q1 (best)

50

26.3

10

20.8

0.364

 

134.82—168.14

Q2 (good)

46

24.2

13

27.1

 

168.15—212.81

Q3 (fair)

49

25.8

10

20.8

 

 ≥ 212.82

Q4 (poor, failed)

44

23.2

15

31.3

PLenX [in mm]

 ≤ 84.02

Q1 (best)

52

27.4

8

16.7

0.039

 

84.03—108.87

Q2 (good)

48

25.3

11

22.9

 

108.29—139.72

Q3 (fair)

47

24.7

12

25.0

 

 ≥ 139.73

Q4 (poor, failed)

42

22.1

17

35.4

PLenY [in mm]

 ≤ 78.58

Q1 (best)

46

24.2

14

29.2

0.853

 

78.59—101.10

Q2 (good)

49

25.8

10

20.8

 

101.11—130.33

Q3 (fair)

50

26.3

9

18.8

 

 ≥ 130.34

Q4 (poor, failed)

44

23.2

15

31.3

StdElA [in cm2]

 ≤ 1.07

Q1 (best)

46

24.2

14

29.2

0.637

 

1.08—1.69

Q2 (good)

49

25.8

10

20.8

 

1.70—2.61

Q3 (fair)

52

27.4

7

14.6

 

 ≥ 2.62

Q4 (poor, failed)

42

22.1

17

35.4

VmeanCoP [in cm/s]

 ≤ 1.35

Q1 (best)

50

26.3

10

20.8

0.364

 

1.36—1.68

Q2 (good)

46

24.2

13

27.1

 

1.69—2.13

Q3 (fair)

49

25.8

10

20.8

 

 ≥ 2.14

Q4 (poor, failed)

44

23.2

15

31.3

VmeanX [in mm/s]

 ≤ 8.40

Q1 (best)

52

27.4

8

16.7

0.039

 

8.41—10.89

Q2 (good)

48

25.3

11

22.9

 

10.90—13.97

Q3 (fair)

47

24.7

12

25.0

 

 ≥ 13.98

Q4 (poor, failed)

42

22.1

17

35.4

VmeanY [in mm/s]

 ≤ 7.86

Q1 (best)

46

24.2

14

29.2

0.853

 

7.87—10.11

Q2 (good)

49

25.8

10

20.8

 

10.12—13.03

Q3 (fair)

50

26.3

9

18.8

 

 ≥ 13.04

Q4 (poor, failed)

44

23.2

15

31.3

Semitandem

PLen [in mm]

 ≤ 161,93

Q1 (best)

54

28.4

6

12.5

0.039

 

161.94—213.16

Q2 (good)

46

24.2

13

27.1

 

213.17—270.09

Q3 (fair)

45

23.7

14

29.2

 

 ≥ 270.10

Q4 (poor, failed)

44

23.2

15

31.3

PLenX [in mm]

 ≤ 108.11

Q1 (best)

53

27.9

7

14.6

0.019

 

108.12—141.45

Q2 (good)

50

26.3

9

18.8

 

141.46—184.19

Q3 (fair)

42

22.1

17

35.4

 

 ≥ 184.2

Q4 (poor, failed)

44

23.2

15

31.3

PLenY [in mm]

 ≤ 99.88

Q1 (best)

51

26.8

9

18.8

0.138

 

99.89—123.97

Q2 (good)

46

24.2

13

27.1

 

123.98—175.59

Q3 (fair)

50

26.3

9

18.8

 

 ≥ 175.6

Q4 (poor, failed)

42

22.1

17

35.4

StdElA [in cm2]

 ≤ 1.31

Q1 (best)

51

26.8

8

16.7

0.029

 

1.32—1.93

Q2 (good)

49

25.8

11

22.9

 

1.94—2.90

Q3 (fair)

48

25.3

11

22.9

 

 ≥ 2.91

Q4 (poor, failed)

41

21.6

18

37.5

VmeanCoP [in cm/s]

 ≤ 1.62

Q1 (best)

54

28.4

6

12.5

0.039

 

1.63—2.13

Q2 (good)

46

24.2

13

27.1

 

2.14—2.70

Q3 (fair)

45

23.7

14

29.2

 

 ≥ 2.71

Q4 (poor, failed)

44

23.2

15

31.3

VmeanX [in mm/s]

 ≤ 10.81

Q1 (best)

52

27.4

7

14.6

0.020

 

10.82—14.15

Q2 (good)

51

26.8

9

18.8

 

14.16—18.42

Q3 (fair)

42

22.1

17

35.4

 

 ≥ 18.43

Q4 (poor, failed)

44

23.2

15

31.3

VmeanY [in mm/s]

 ≤ 9.99

Q1 (best)

50

26.3

9

18.8

0.145

 

10.00—12.40

Q2 (good)

47

24.7

13

27.1

 

12.41—17.56

Q3 (fair)

50

26.3

9

18.8

 

 ≥ 17.57

Q4 (poor, failed)

42

22.1

17

35.4

Tandem

PLen [in mm]

 ≤ 330.31

Q1 (best)

48

25.3

6

12.5

0.034

 

330.32—422.31

Q2 (good)

43

22.6

10

20.8

 

422.32—583.23

Q3 (fair)

42

22.1

12

25.0

 

 ≥ 583.24

Q4 (poor, failed)

56

29.5

20

41.7

PLenX [in mm]

 ≤ 227.95

Q1 (best)

47

24.7

7

14.6

0.095

 

227.96—293.50

Q2 (good)

44

23.2

9

18.8

 

293.51—391.22

Q3 (fair)

40

21.1

14

29.2

 

 ≥ 391.23

Q4 (poor, failed)

58

30.5

18

37.5

PLenY [in mm]

 ≤ 187.51

Q1 (best)

46

24.2

8

16.7

0.015

 

187.52—256.19

Q2 (good)

47

24.7

6

12.5

 

256.20—363.06

Q3 (fair)

42

22.1

12

25.0

 

 ≥ 363.07

Q4 (poor, failed)

54

28.4

22

45.8

StdElA [in cm2]

 ≤ 1.95

Q1 (best)

46

24.2

8

16.7

0.252

 

1.96—3.13

Q2 (good)

42

22.1

11

22.9

 

3.14—4.73

Q3 (fair)

43

22.6

11

22.9

 

 ≥ 4.74

Q4 (poor, failed)

58

30.5

18

37.5

VmeanCoP [in cm/s]

 ≤ 3.30

Q1 (best)

48

25.3

6

12.5

0.034

 

3.31—4.22

Q2 (good)

43

22.6

10

20.8

 

4.23—5.83

Q3 (fair)

42

22.1

12

25.0

 

 ≥ 5.84

Q4 (poor, failed)

56

29.5

20

41.7

VmeanX [in mm/s]

 ≤ 22.80

Q1 (best)

47

24.7

7

14.6

0.095

 

22.81—29.35

Q2 (good)

44

23.2

9

18.8

 

29.36—39.12

Q3 (fair)

40

21.1

14

29.2

 

 ≥ 39.13

Q4 (poor, failed)

58

30.5

18

37.5

VmeanY [in mm/s]

 ≤ 18.75

Q1 (best)

46

24.2

8

16.7

0.015

 

18.76—25.62

Q2 (good)

47

24.7

6

12.5

 

25.63—36.31

Q3 (fair)

42

22.1

12

25.0

 

 ≥ 36.32

Q4 (poor, failed)

54

28.4

22

45.8

One leg left

PLen [in mm]

 ≤ 358.95

Q1 (best)

37

19.5

10

20.8

0.127

 

358.96—513.28

Q2 (good)

43

22.6

3

6.3

 

513.29—649.39

Q3 (fair)

36

18.9

10

20.8

 

 ≥ 649.4

Q4 (poor, failed)

73

38.4

25

52.1

PLenX [in mm]

 ≤ 254.59

Q1 (best)

38

20.0

9

18.8

0.088

 

254.60—371.00

Q2 (good)

41

21.6

5

10.4

 

371.01—465.43

Q3 (fair)

38

20.0

8

16.7

 

 ≥ 465.44

Q4 (poor, failed)

72

37.9

26

54.2

PLenY [in mm]

 ≤ 205.57

Q1 (best)

37

19.5

10

20.8

0.139

 

205.58—279.09

Q2 (good)

41

21.6

5

10.4

 

279.10—365.03

Q3 (fair)

39

20.5

7

14.6

 

 ≥ 365.04

Q4 (poor, failed)

72

37.9

26

54.2

StdElA [in cm2]

 ≤ 2.65

Q1 (best)

39

20.5

8

16.7

0.216

 

2.66—3.84

Q2 (good)

38

20.0

8

16.7

 

3.85—5.69

Q3 (fair)

38

20.0

8

16.7

 

 ≥ 5.7

Q4 (poor, failed)

74

38.9

24

50.0

VmeanCoP [in cm/s]

 ≤ 3.59

Q1 (best)

37

19.5

10

20.8

0.127

 

3.60—5.13

Q2 (good)

43

22.6

3

6.3

 

5.14—6.49

Q3 (fair)

36

18.9

10

20.8

 

 ≥ 6.5

Q4 (poor, failed)

73

38.4

25

52.1

VmeanX [in mm/s]

 ≤ 25.46

Q1 (best)

38

20.0

9

18.8

0.088

 

25.47—37.10

Q2 (good)

41

21.6

5

10.4

 

37.11—46.54

Q3 (fair)

38

20.0

8

16.7

 

 ≥ 46.55

Q4 (poor, failed)

72

37.9

26

54.2

VmeanY [in mm/s]

 ≤ 20.56

Q1 (best)

37

19.5

10

20.8

0.139

 

20.57—27.91

Q2 (good)

41

21.6

5

10.4

 

27.92—36.50

Q3 (fair)

39

20.5

7

14.6

 

 ≥ 36.51

Q4 (poor, failed)

72

37.9

26

54.2

One leg right

PLen [in mm]

 ≤ 379.57

Q1 (best)

35

18.4

6

12.5

0.142

 

379.58—489.95

Q2 (good)

33

17.4

8

16.7

 

489.96—651.19

Q3 (fair)

35

18.4

6

12.5

 

 ≥ 651.2

Q4 (poor, failed)

86

45.3

28

58.3

PLenX [in mm]

 ≤ 264.69

Q1 (best)

36

18.9

5

10.4

0.094

 

264.70—358.00

Q2 (good)

33

17.4

8

16.7

 

358.01—466.27

Q3 (fair)

34

17.9

7

14.6

 

 ≥ 466.28

Q4 (poor, failed)

86

45.3

28

58.3

PLenY [in mm]

 ≤ 214.87

Q1 (best)

33

17.4

8

16.7

0.336

 

214.88—268.04

Q2 (good)

34

17.9

7

14.6

 

268.05—371.17

Q3 (fair)

35

18.4

6

12.5

 

 ≥ 371.18

Q4 (poor, failed)

87

45.8

27

56.3

StdElA [in cm2]

 ≤ 2.59

Q1 (best)

32

16.8

9

18.8

0.145

 

2.60—3.79

Q2 (good)

37

19.5

4

8.3

 

3.80—6.19

Q3 (fair)

35

18.4

6

12.5

 

 ≥ 6.2

Q4 (poor, failed)

85

44.7

29

60.4

VmeanCoP [in cm/s]

 ≤ 3.80

Q1 (best)

35

18.4

6

12.5

0.142

 

3.81—4.90

Q2 (good)

33

17.4

8

16.7

 

4.91—6.51

Q3 (fair)

35

18.4

6

12.5

 

 ≥ 6.52

Q4 (poor, failed)

86

45.3

28

58.3

VmeanX [in mm/s]

 ≤ 26.47

Q1 (best)

36

18.9

5

10.4

0.094

 

26.48—35.80

Q2 (good)

33

17.4

8

16.7

 

35.81—46.63

Q3 (fair)

34

17.9

7

14.6

 

 ≥ 46.64

Q4 (poor, failed)

86

45.3

28

58.3

VmeanY [in mm/s]

 ≤ 21.49

Q1 (best)

33

17.4

8

16.7

0.336

 

21.50—26.80

Q2 (good)

34

17.9

7

14.6

 

26.81—37.12

Q3 (fair)

35

18.4

6

12.5

 

 ≥ 37.13

Q4 (poor, failed)

87

45.8

27

56.3

  1. *p-values of Mann–Whitney-U-Test: bold values sign. p-value with p < 0.05