|
Variable
|
OSD score mean ± SD
|
t or F statistics
|
p-value
|
|---|
|
Age
|
|
18 – 27
|
46.3 ± 10.7
|
2.28
|
0.059
|
|
28 – 37
|
40.3 ± 10.1
|
|
38 – 47
|
40.2 ± 10.9
|
|
48 – 57
|
42.6 ± 10.7
|
|
58 +
|
40.9 ± 11.9
|
|
Gender
|
|
Male
|
45.7 ± 11.0
|
8.65
|
0.000**
|
|
Female
|
38.1 ± 9.7
|
|
Marital status
|
|
Single
|
43.0 ± 11.5
|
1.27
|
0.284
|
|
Married
|
41.4 ± 10.8
|
|
Separated
|
40.6 ± 10.7
|
|
Widowed
|
39.6 ± 11.1
|
|
Body Mass Index
|
|
Underweight
|
41.0 ± 9.9
|
1.32
|
0.266
|
|
Normal
|
40.0 ± 10.6
|
|
Overweight
|
42.2 ± 11.3
|
|
Obese
|
41.4 ± 10.9
|
|
Education level
|
|
No formal education
|
42.4 ± 12.0
|
0.69
|
0.559
|
|
Primary
|
41.3 ± 10.6
|
|
Secondary
|
40.5 ± 11.2
|
|
Tertiary
|
40.9 ± 9.9
|
|
Income category
|
|
Poor
|
40.7 ± 10.6
|
0.645
|
0.628
|
|
Low emerging middle
|
41.0 ± 11.0
|
|
Emerging middle
|
41.3 ± 11.2
|
|
Realised middle
|
41.6 ± 10.9
|
|
Upper middle
|
44.1 ± 10.2
|
|
Exercise
|
|
No
|
41.9 ± 11.2
|
1.95
|
0.052
|
|
Yes
|
40.1 ± 10.3
|
|
Cigarette smoking
|
|
No
|
41.1 ± 10.4
|
4.83
|
0.008*
|
|
Yes, 1 – 10 per day
|
39.5 ± 11.4
|
|
Yes. More than 11
|
43.9 ± 11.2
|
|
Alcohol consumption
|
|
No
|
41.1 ± 10.4
|
0.79
|
0.454
|
|
Occasional
|
40.6 ± 11.5
|
|
Frequent
|
42.2 ± 11.2
|
|
Type of work
|
|
Semisedentary
|
40.0 ± 10.4
|
4.98
|
0.007*
|
|
Sedentary
|
43.0 ± 12.0
|
|
Manual work
|
42.8 ± 10.9
|
|
Sitting posture
|
|
Straight back
|
43.7 ± 10.3
|
2.45
|
0.063
|
|
Stooped
|
42.6 ± 11.4
|
|
Forward inclination
|
40.0 ± 10.8
|
|
Backward inclination
|
40.9 ± 10.8
|
|
LBP duration
|
|
Less than 3-months (non-chronic)
|
40.1 ± 10.5
|
-4.56
|
0.000**
|
|
3-months and above (chronic)
|
45.1 ± 11.2
|
|
LBP severity
|
|
Mild
|
40.2 ± 10.5
|
3.27
|
0.039*
|
|
Moderate
|
42.7 ± 11.7
|
|
Severe
|
42.2 ± 10.5
|
|
Sciatica
|
|
Yes
|
42.0 ± 11.8
|
0.86
|
0.389
|
|
No
|
41.0 ± 10.7
|
- SD standard deviation; ** p < 0.001; * p < 0.05
