Fig. 4

Effect of GLP-1 on the AGEs-mediated damage in proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. A, B Glp1r protein was detected by immunofluorescence and western blot; C Alpl staining, which indicates the early stage of osteoblastogenesis was performed at the indicated time points; D Cell proliferation was measured by the absorbance at 570 mm with a MTT assay; E-H. The mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation markers (Ocn, Alpl, Opg, Runx2) of osteoblasts assessed by real-time PCR. Ocn, osteocalcin; Alpl, Alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney; Opg, osteoprotegerin; Runx2, Runt-related transcription factor 2. Values are means ± SD from three independent experiments. The Newman-Keuls Multiple Comprison Test was used. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. control group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs. AGEs group